ABSTRACT

Aligning technological innovation with societal needs is a key concern for knowledge economies. Integrating ethical, legal, and social inquiry into research and development consortia that drive innovation processes has thus become common practice. Ethnographic research in consortia is one such practice. Here, these cover three cases of open ethnographic engagement within R&D consortia in the field of medical and rehabilitation technology. Rather than executing a preconfigured plan, these ethnographic intraventions explored emerging frictions that arose from observant participation within the fast science of dominant workflows in technological R&D. Curating these emerging frictions within the consortia produced what Ludwig Fleck called ‘Widerstandsavisos’, or signals of resistance. Widerstandsavisos disrupt dominant workflows by introducing methodological openness, fostering critical reflection on sampling approaches, placing the focus on actual practices, and engaging in anthropological concept work. The curation of Widerstandsavisos fosters reflexive awareness among members of consortia and opens a space for mutual learning: to produce new knowledge, alter problem framings, and reshape devices. Advancing ongoing discussions on midstream modulation, situated interventions and multimodal anthropology, such ethnographic intraventions present a different means of generating the capacity to address societal needs as well as responsibilities and relevance from within such consortia rather than as strategic interventions from the outside. Intraventions are, however, a risky practice as they produce ethnographic excess that is not easily controlled or directed within the bounds of R&D consortia. This uncertainty is a form of creativity that should be encouraged.

摘要

将技术创新与社会需求结合起来是知识经济的一个关键问题。因此，将道德、法律和社会调查纳入推动创新过程的研发联盟已成为常见做法。联盟中的民族志研究就是这样的一种实践。这里，这些涵盖了医疗和康复技术领域研发联盟内开放的人种学参与的三个案例。这些人种学干预不是执行预先配置的计划，而是探讨了由于观察性参与技术研发中主导工作流程的快速科学而产生的新摩擦。联盟内部这些新出现的摩擦的策划产生了路德维希·弗莱克所说的“Widerstandsavisos”，即抵抗信号。Widerstandsavisos 通过引入方法论开放性、促进对抽样方法的批判性反思、关注实际实践以及参与人类学概念工作来扰乱主流工作流程。Widerstandsavisos 的策划促进了联盟成员的反思意识，并开辟了相互学习的空间：产生新知识、改变问题框架和重塑设备。此类民族志干预推动了有关中游调节、情境干预和多模式人类学的持续讨论，提供了一种不同的方式来产生解决社会需求的能力以及此类联盟内部的责任和相关性，而不是作为外部的战略干预。然而，入侵是 这是一种危险的做法，因为它们会产生民族志过剩，而这种过剩在研发联盟的范围内不容易控制或指导。这种不确定性是一种应该鼓励的创造力。