The history of the Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is traced from the beginning of the twentieth century, with the arrival of Antonio Garbasso as Director (1913), to the 1960s. Thanks to Garbasso’s expertise, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, where the Astronomical Observatory was already located, but it also formed a brilliant group of young physicists made up of Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti, Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini and Giulio Racah, who were engaged in the emerging fields of Quantum Mechanics and cosmic rays. This Arcetri School disintegrated in the late 1930s for the transfer of its protagonists to chairs in other universities, for the environment created by the fascist regime and, to some extent, for the racial laws. After the war, the legacy was taken up by some students of this school who formed research groups in the field of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics. As far as Theoretical Physics was concerned, after the Fermi and Persico periods these studies enjoyed a new expansion towards the end of the 1950s, with the arrival of Giacomo Morpurgo and above all, that of Raoul Gatto, who created the first real Italian school of Theoretical Physics at Arcetri.

佛罗伦萨大学物理研究所的历史可以追溯到 20 世纪初，安东尼奥·加巴索 (Antonio Garbasso) 就任所长（1913 年），一直到 20 世纪 60 年代。由于加巴索的专业知识，研究所不仅在天文台所在地阿切特里山获得了新的场地，而且还组建了一支由恩里科·费米、弗兰科·拉塞蒂、恩里科·佩尔西科、布鲁诺·罗西、 Gilberto Bernardini、Daria Bocciarelli、Lorenzo Emo Capodilista、Giuseppe Occhialini 和 Giulio Racah，他们从事量子力学和宇宙射线的新兴领域。这所阿塞特里学院在 1930 年代末解体，原因是其主角被调往其他大学担任教席、法西斯政权创造的环境以及某种程度上的种族法。战后，该校的一些学生继承了这些遗产，组建了核物理和基本粒子物理领域的研究小组。就理论物理学而言，在费米和佩尔西科时期之后，随着贾科莫·莫普尔戈（Giacomo Morpurgo）的到来，这些研究在 20 世纪 50 年代末得到了新的扩展，尤其是拉乌尔·加托（Raoul Gatto）的到来，他创建了第一个真正的意大利物理学派。 Arcetri 的理论物理学。