The first part of this paper presented the current knowledge on two very significant respiratory diseases with high pandemic potential, COVID-19 and influenza. The second part reviews other pathogens that cause acute respiratory viral infections, ARVI, including parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, pneumoviruses and specifically respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, bocaviruses, and seasonal coronaviruses. The review presents modern data on the structure and replication of viruses, epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of diseases, diagnostics, preventive vaccination, and antiviral drugs. Topical issues regarding ARVI vaccination and the search for new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are discussed.

本文的第一部分介绍了当前对两种具有高大流行潜力的非常重要的呼吸道疾病 COVID-19 和流感的了解。第二部分回顾了引起急性呼吸道病毒感染 ARVI 的其他病原体，包括副流感病毒、腺病毒、肺病毒，特别是呼吸道合胞病毒、肠道病毒、鼻病毒、博卡病毒和季节性冠状病毒。该综述提供了有关病毒结构和复制、流行病学和疾病免疫发病机制、诊断学、预防性疫苗接种和抗病毒药物的现代数据。讨论了有关 ARVI 疫苗接种和寻找新的广谱抗病毒药物的热点问题。