Hepatitis B is a major public health problem worldwide. The indigenous population of remote regions with harsh living conditions, such as the Far North of Russia, with possibly unique genetic mutations in the local strains of this pathogen, remains poorly studied. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of serological HBV markers in blood–plasma samples of the population of the Far North of Russia and to determine HBV genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in blood–plasma samples containing HBsAg. We studied 702 blood–plasma samples taken from the indigenous population (Tundra Nenets) of the village of Gyda in the Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug (YaNAO) (north of the Gydan Peninsula). Detection of serological HBV markers—HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-Hbcore—was carried out using JSC Vector-Best reagent kits. HBV genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in the samples were determined according to our own original procedure with monoclonal antibodies and by classical molecular-biological methods. The prevalence of HBsAg in the entire sample was 0.4% (3/702). For the subgroup of samples (persons older than 15 years during the first two expeditions, 300 samples), an extended analysis of the markers was carried out. The following frequencies were determined for them: HBsAg, 0.7% (2/300); anti-HBs, 63.7% (191/300); and anti-HBcore, 11.3% (34/300). HBV statuses were established for this subgroup: the presence of HBV infection (0.7%), past hepatitis B infection (9.3%), and immunity as result of vaccination (54.3%). Genotype D was established for two samples containing HBsAg (subtypes ayw2 and ayw3); the results of the two used methods coincided. The prevalence of HBsAg in the Tazovsky and adjacent Purovsky districts (the main population being Nenets, previously published data) differed (0.4% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.05), presumably due to vaccination (samples of the Purovsky district were collected almost 20 years earlier), as well as the distribution of HBV genotypes. The Tazovsky district of YaNAO is now a low endemic region in terms of HBV infection. The HBV isolates belong to the most common HBV genotype D in the Russian Federation (HBsAg subtypes ayw2, ayw3).

乙型肝炎是全球主要的公共卫生问题。生活条件恶劣的偏远地区的土著居民，例如俄罗斯的远北地区，在这种病原体的当地菌株中可能具有独特的基因突变，但研究仍然很少。该研究的目的是确定俄罗斯远北地区人口血浆样本中血清学 HBV 标志物的流行情况，并确定含有 HBsAg 的血浆样本中的 HBV 基因型和 HBsAg 亚型。我们研究了从 Yamalo-Nenets 自治区 (YaNAO)（Gydan 半岛北部）Tazovsky 区 Gyda 村的土著居民 (Tundra Nenets) 采集的 702 份血浆样本。使用 JSC Vector-Best 试剂盒检测血清学 HBV 标志物——HBsAg、抗-HBs 和抗-Hbcore。样本中的 HBV 基因型和 HBsAg 亚型是根据我们自己的单克隆抗体原始程序和经典分子生物学方法确定的。整个样本中 HBsAg 的流行率为 0.4% (3/702)。对于样本子组（前两次探险期间 15 岁以上的人，300 个样本），对标记进行了扩展分析。为它们确定了以下频率：HBsAg，0.7% (2/300)；抗-HBs，63.7% (191/300)；和抗 HBcore，11.3% (34/300)。确定了该亚组的 HBV 状态：存在 HBV 感染 (0.7%)、既往乙型肝炎感染 (9.3%) 以及接种疫苗产生的免疫力 (54.3%)。为两个含有 HBsAg 的样本（亚型 ayw2 和 ayw3）确定了基因型 D；两种使用方法的结果是一致的。p < 0.05），大概是由于疫苗接种（Purovsky 区的样本是近 20 年前收集的），以及 HBV 基因型的分布。雁荡市塔佐夫斯基区目前为乙肝低流行区。HBV 分离株属于俄罗斯联邦最常见的 HBV 基因型 D（HBsAg 亚型 ayw2、ayw3）。