Non-invasive cardiac imaging has a growing role in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy planning, and follow-up in children and adolescents with congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. This review is based on a systematic analysis of international peer-reviewed articles and additionally presents own clinical experiences. It provides an overview of technical advances, emerging clinical applications, and the aspect of artificial intelligence. The main imaging modalities are echocardiography, CT, and MRI. For echocardiography, strain imaging allows a novel non-invasive assessment of tissue integrity, 3D imaging rapid holistic overviews of anatomy. Fast cardiac CT imaging new techniques—especially for coronary assessment as the main clinical indication—have significantly improved spatial and temporal resolution in adjunct with a major reduction in ionizing dose. For cardiac MRI, assessment of tissue integrity even without contrast agent application by mapping sequences is a major technical breakthrough. Fetal cardiac MRI is an emerging technology, which allows structural and functional assessment of fetal hearts including even 4D flow analyses. Last but not least, artificial intelligence will play an important role for improvements of data acquisition and interpretation in the near future. Non-invasive cardiac imaging plays an integral part in the workup of children with heart disease. In recent years, its main application congenital heart disease has been widened for acquired cardiac diseases.

中文翻译：

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无创儿科心脏成像——现状和进一步展望

无创心脏成像在患有先天性和后天性心脏病的儿童和青少年的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗计划和随访中发挥着越来越大的作用。本综述基于对国际同行评审文章的系统分析，并另外介绍了自己的临床经验。它概述了技术进步、新兴临床应用和人工智能方面。主要的成像方式是超声心动图、CT 和 MRI。对于超声心动图，应变成像允许对组织完整性进行新颖的非侵入性评估，3D 成像快速整体解剖概览。快速心脏 CT 成像新技术——特别是作为主要临床适应症的冠状动脉评估——显着提高了空间和时间分辨率，同时大大降低了电离剂量。对于心脏 MRI，即使不使用造影剂也可以通过映射序列评估组织完整性是一项重大技术突破。胎儿心脏 MRI 是一项新兴技术，可以对胎儿心脏进行结构和功能评估，甚至包括 4D 血流分析。最后但同样重要的是，人工智能将在不久的将来为改进数据采集和解释发挥重要作用。无创心脏成像在患有心脏病的儿童的检查中起着不可或缺的作用。最近几年，