Phase separation in biological membranes is crucial for proper cellular functions, such as signaling and trafficking, as it mediates the interactions of condensates on membrane-bound organelles and transmembrane transport to targeted destination compartments. The separation of a lipid bilayer into phases and the formation of lipid rafts involve the restructuring of molecular localization, their immobilization, and local accumulation. By understanding the processes underlying the formation of lipid rafts in a cellular membrane, it is possible to reconstitute this phenomenon in synthetic biomimetic membranes, such as hybrids of lipids and polymers or membranes composed solely of polymers, which offer an increased physicochemical stability and unlimited possibilities of chemical modification and functionalization. In this article, we relate the main lipid bilayer phase transition phenomenon with respect to hybrid biomimetic membranes, composed of lipids mixed with polymers, and fully synthetic membranes. Following, we review the occurrence of phase separation in biomimetic hybrid membranes based on lipids and/or direct lipid analogs, amphiphilic block copolymers. We further exemplify the phase separation and the resulting properties and applications in planar membranes, free-standing and solid-supported. We briefly list methods leading to the formation of such biomimetic membranes and reflect on their improved overall stability and influence on the separation into different phases within the membranes. Due to the importance of phase separation and compartmentalization in cellular membranes, we are convinced that this compiled overview of this phenomenon will be helpful for any researcher in the biomimicry area.

中文翻译：

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包含平面膜的基于聚合物的仿生结构中的相分离

生物膜中的相分离对于正常的细胞功能（例如信号转导和运输）至关重要，因为它介导凝结物在膜结合细胞器上的相互作用以及跨膜转运至目标目的地隔室。脂质双层的分离和脂筏的形成涉及分子定位、它们的固定和局部积累的重组。通过了解细胞膜中脂筏形成的潜在过程，可以在合成仿生膜（例如脂质和聚合物的混合物或仅由聚合物组成的膜）中重建这种现象，从而提供更高的物理化学稳定性和无限的可能性化学修饰和功能化。在本文中，我们将主要的脂质双层相变现象与由脂质与聚合物混合而成的混合仿生膜和全合成膜联系起来。接下来，我们回顾了基于脂质和/或直接脂质类似物、两亲性嵌段共聚物的仿生杂化膜中相分离的发生。我们进一步举例说明了相分离以及由此产生的特性和在平面膜、独立式和固体支撑膜中的应用。我们简要列出了导致这种仿生膜形成的方法，并反映了它们改进的整体稳定性和对膜内不同相分离的影响。由于相分离和区室化在细胞膜中的重要性，