BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Postnatal growth failure happens in about half of the very low birth weight infants and this can have long-term consequences. Human milk-based multi-nutrient fortifiers (HMBF) are thought to be better tolerated than bovine milk-based multi-nutrient fortifiers (BMBF), thus facilitating early progression to full feeds and improved growth in preterm neonates. This study was done to find the advantage of HMBF over BMBF on postnatal growth and other clinical outcomes. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study where babies <1500 g birth weight or gestational age <32 weeks were included to compare the velocity of weight gain (g/kg/day), duration of hospital stay and clinical outcomes between fortification using HMBF and BMBF till 34 weeks postmenstrual age. RESULTS Eligible neonates included in the study were 322, out of whom 123 (37%) received HMBF and 209 (63%) received BMBF. During the stay, 18 babies were changed from BMBF to HMBF and vice versa in 24 babies due to logistic reasons and parents' preferences. The mean birth weight of the babies was 1124 ± 237 g. Weight gain was higher in the exclusive HMBF group [mean difference 0.77 (0.14, 1.39) g/kg/day; p-value = 0.018]. Feed intolerance [odds ratio (OR) 0.45 (0.22, 0.95), p-value 0.037] was also significantly less in this group. However, other morbidities did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION Higher weight gain and lower feed intolerance in the HMBF group underscores the possible advantage of using HMBF over BMBF. Larger prospective studies might bring out its effect on the duration of hospital stay and other morbidities.

中文翻译：

---

以牛乳和人乳为基础的强化早产儿产后体重增加——一项队列研究。

背景和目标 大约一半的极低出生体重婴儿会出现出生后生长障碍，这可能会产生长期后果。基于人乳的多营养强化剂 (HMBF) 被认为比基于牛乳的多营养强化剂 (BMBF) 具有更好的耐受性，从而促进早产儿早期进展为全量喂养并改善生长。进行这项研究是为了发现 HMBF 相对于 BMBF 在产后生长和其他临床结果方面的优势。方法 这是一项回顾性队列研究，其中包括出生体重 <1500 克或胎龄 <32 周的婴儿，以比较使用 HMBF 和 BMBF 强化的体重增加速度 (g/kg/天)、住院时间和临床结果直到停经后34周。结果 纳入研究的合格新生儿为 322 名，其中 123 人 (37%) 接受了 HMBF，209 人 (63%) 接受了 BMBF。在逗留期间，由于后勤原因和父母的偏好，18 名婴儿从 BMBF 改为 HMBF，反之亦然 24 名婴儿。婴儿的平均出生体重为 1124 ± 237 g。单独 HMBF 组的体重增加更高 [平均差异 0.77 (0.14, 1.39) g/kg/天；p 值 = 0.018]。该组的饲料不耐受 [比值比 (OR) 0.45 (0.22, 0.95)，p 值 0.037] 也明显较少。然而，其他发病率在各组之间没有显着差异。结论 HMBF 组更高的增重和更低的饲料不耐受性强调了使用 HMBF 可能优于 BMBF。更大规模的前瞻性研究可能会揭示其对住院时间和其他发病率的影响。