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The pros and cons of a global carbon tax at a single rate
The Journal of World Energy Law & Business ( IF 0.403 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-30 , DOI: 10.1093/jwelb/jwac046
Alessandro Bacci

During 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), though differently, supported the idea that to effectively tackle climate change, it is necessary to introduce a global price on carbon emissions. Generally, a single-rate Global Carbon Tax (GCT) for all carbon emissions would probably be the best mechanism to tax carbon emissions while still favouring trading relationships globally within a WTO-compliant environment. However, implementing a single-rate GCT is extremely complicated. The IMF has proposed the establishment of an International Carbon Price Floor (ICPF), but it has recognized that to work the ICPF needs multiple carbon price minima according to the considered countries’ category of development level. This article, which is divided into seven sections, reflects on the idea of introducing a GCT. Section 1 briefs the introduction. Section 2 explains what the main reason is for putting a price on carbon emissions and clarifies how the two most important price-setting mechanisms, ie an ETS and a carbon tax, work. Section 3 explains how to set the carbon tax rate. Section 4 analyses the IMF’s GCT proposal. Section 5 discusses the benefits of a GCT, especially if based on a single tax rate. Section 6 reviews what, at least in the short term, the three main obstacles to the implementation of a single-rate GCT are. Section 7 concludes.

中文翻译:

以单一税率征收全球碳税的利弊

2021 年,国际货币基金组织 (IMF)、经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 和世界贸易组织 (WTO) 尽管立场不同,但都支持这样一种观点,即要有效应对气候变化,有必要引入全球碳排放价格。一般来说,对所有碳排放征收单一税率的全球碳税 (GCT) 可能是对碳排放征税的最佳机制,同时仍然有利于在符合 WTO 的环境中建立全球贸易关系。然而,实施单速率 GCT 极其复杂。国际货币基金组织已提议建立国际碳价格下限(ICPF),但它认识到要使ICPF 发挥作用,需要根据所考虑国家的发展水平类别制定多个碳价格最低标准。本文,分为七个部分,反映了引入 GCT 的想法。第 1 节简要介绍。第 2 节解释了对碳排放定价的主要原因是什么,并阐明了两个最重要的定价机制,即排放交易体系和碳税,是如何运作的。第 3 节解释了如何设定碳税税率。第 4 节分析了 IMF 的 GCT 提案。第 5 节讨论 GCT 的好处,尤其是基于单一税率的情况。第 6 节回顾了至少在短期内实施单一利率 GCT 的三个主要障碍是什么。第 7 节总结。第 2 节解释了对碳排放定价的主要原因是什么,并阐明了两个最重要的定价机制,即排放交易体系和碳税,是如何运作的。第 3 节解释了如何设定碳税税率。第 4 节分析了 IMF 的 GCT 提案。第 5 节讨论 GCT 的好处,尤其是基于单一税率的情况。第 6 节回顾了至少在短期内实施单一利率 GCT 的三个主要障碍是什么。第 7 节总结。第 2 节解释了对碳排放定价的主要原因是什么,并阐明了两个最重要的定价机制,即排放交易体系和碳税,是如何运作的。第 3 节解释了如何设定碳税税率。第 4 节分析了 IMF 的 GCT 提案。第 5 节讨论 GCT 的好处,尤其是基于单一税率的情况。第 6 节回顾了至少在短期内实施单一利率 GCT 的三个主要障碍是什么。第 7 节总结。实施单一利率 GCT 的三个主要障碍是。第 7 节总结。实施单一利率 GCT 的三个主要障碍是。第 7 节总结。
更新日期:2022-12-30
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