This article responds to calls for greater inclusivity in second language acquisition research and, more specifically, to calls to explore further the impact of first language literacy on second language oracy (e.g., Tarone et al., 2009). We conducted a partial replication of Foster and Skehan's (1996) influential study of task complexity, planning time, and performance over measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. The initial study and others had provided robust evidence to suggest that planning time had a positive impact on task performance, particularly for more cognitively demanding tasks. We conducted our replication with adult second language learners with low first language literacy, most of whom were former refugees. Contrary to previous studies, the findings indicate little to no evidence that planning time led to improved linguistic performance. It is not immediately clear why this should be so, and our findings highlight the need for further research with this underrepresented group.

中文翻译：

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第一语言读写能力和第二语言口语能力：福斯特和斯凯汉的部分复制（1996）

本文响应了第二语言习得研究中更大包容性的呼吁，更具体地说，响应了进一步探讨第一语言读写能力对第二语言口语能力影响的呼吁（例如，Tarone 等，2009）。我们部分复制了 Foster 和 Skehan (1996) 对任务复杂性、计划时间和性能的影响力研究，而不是复杂性、准确性和流畅性的衡量标准。最初的研究和其他研究提供了强有力的证据，表明计划时间对任务绩效有积极影响，特别是对于认知要求更高的任务。我们对第一语言素养较低的成人第二语言学习者进行了复制，其中大多数人都是前难民。与之前的研究相反，研究结果表明几乎没有证据表明计划时间可以提高语言表现。目前尚不清楚为什么会这样，我们的研究结果强调需要对这个代表性不足的群体进行进一步研究。