Abstract

Plants that belong to the genus Taraxacum are commonly referred to as dandelions; these are some of the most evolved plants in the Asteraceae, with more than 2000 species distributed worldwide. Dandelions not only include medicinal plants but also rubber-producing plants. Recent advances in biotechnology and the growing demand for dandelions have increased research attention toward dandelions. Owing to the availability of the whole genome sequence of Taraxacum kok-saghyz, and Taraxacum mongolicum (accession no. GWHBCHF00000000 and GWHAAAA00000000), and large transcriptome and metabolome databases for T. kok-saghyz, Taraxacum officinale, T. mongolicum, and Taraxacum antungense (accession no. PRJNA378120, PRJEB48186, PRJNA897666, and PRJNA578773), significant progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, rubber, and other bioactive compounds. This review focuses on Taraxacum spp.; specifically, We describe the following: (1) the recent results of genetic transformation systems, (2) biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds and natural rubber, (3) cross-talk in the biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites, (4) the relevance of the environment and the reproductive mode of dandelions in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and (5) future research directives for dandelions. This review also lays the foundation for further research on other medicinal and edible plants.

摘要

属于蒲公英属的植物通常被称为蒲公英；这些是菊科中最进化的一些植物，全世界分布有 2000 多种。蒲公英不仅包括药用植物，还包括产橡胶的植物。生物技术的最新进展和对蒲公英不断增长的需求增加了对蒲公英的研究关注。由于可获得Taraxacum kok-sa​​ghyz和Taraxacum mongolicum（登记号 GWHBCHF00000000 和 GWHAAAA00000000）的全基因组序列，以及T. kok-sa​​ghyz、Taraxacum officinale、T. mongolicum和的大型转录组和代谢组数据库Taraxacum antungense（登录号 PRJNA378120、PRJEB48186、PRJNA897666 和 PRJNA578773）在了解酚酸、黄酮类、萜类、橡胶和其他生物活性化合物的生物合成和调控机制方面取得了重大进展。这篇综述的重点是蒲公英属；具体来说，我们描述了以下内容：(1) 遗传转化系统的最新结果，(2) 生物活性化合物和天然橡胶的生物合成途径，(3) 不同次级代谢物生物合成中的串扰，(4) 的相关性蒲公英次级代谢产物生物合成的环境和繁殖模式，以及（5）蒲公英未来的研究方向。本综述也为进一步研究其他药食两用植物奠定了基础。