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The Development of Executive Function: Mechanisms of Change and Functional Pressures
Journal of Cognition and Development ( IF 2.580 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 , DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2022.2160719
Paul Ibbotson 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

This developmental account of executive function (EF) argues that domain-general analogical processes build a functional hierarchy of skills, which vary on a continuum of abstraction, and become increasingly differentiated over time. The paper begins by showing how a functional hierarchy can capture important aspects of EF development, including incrementalism, partial differentiation, and a shift from reactive to proactive control. It then details how children construct this hierarchy in development, by showing how they make functional analogies between similar EF problems, in a bottom-up incremental fashion. This results in EF structure which becomes differentiated into components which are more suited to solving some goal-directed problems than others. The developmental implications of this are that children eventually acquire task-general EFs while also retaining goal-specific skills sensitive to wider beliefs, values, norms, preferences, relevant motor, procedural, and embodied knowledge. There is discussion of how this approach is similar to and different from existing accounts, and how it relates to broader issues of training and transfer, group and individual differences, overlapping EF functions and domain-general learning. The developmental mechanisms advocated under this account intentionally draw on neuropsychological, learning and cognitive processes that have been demonstrated in other domains, so that EF theory can benefit from the lessons learned elsewhere and become more integrated with other areas of cognition.



中文翻译:

执行功能的发展:变化机制和功能压力

摘要

这种对执行功能 (EF) 的发展说明认为,领域一般类比过程构建了技能的功能层次结构,这些技能在抽象的连续体上变化,并随着时间的推移变得越来越不同。本文首先展示了功能层次结构如何捕获 EF 开发的重要方面,包括渐进主义、偏微分以及从被动控制到主动控制的转变。然后,它通过展示儿童如何以自下而上的增量方式在类似的 EF 问题之间进行功能类比,详细说明儿童如何在发展中构建这种层次结构。这导致 EF 结构分化为更适合解决某些目标导向问题的组件。这对发展的影响是,儿童最终获得了任务一般 EF,同时还保留了对更广泛的信念、价值观、规范、偏好、相关运动、程序和具体知识敏感的目标特定技能。讨论了这种方法与现有账户有何相似和不同,以及它如何与更广泛的培训和转移、群体和个体差异、重叠的 EF 功能和领域一般学习等问题相关。在这种情况下提倡的发展机制有意借鉴其他领域已经证明的神经心理学、学习和认知过程,因此 EF 理论可以从其他地方吸取的教训中受益,并与其他认知领域更加融合。价值观、规范、偏好、相关的运动、程序和具身知识。讨论了这种方法与现有账户有何相似和不同,以及它如何与更广泛的培训和转移、群体和个体差异、重叠的 EF 功能和领域一般学习等问题相关。在这种情况下提倡的发展机制有意借鉴其他领域已经证明的神经心理学、学习和认知过程,因此 EF 理论可以从其他地方吸取的教训中受益,并与其他认知领域更加融合。价值观、规范、偏好、相关的运动、程序和具身知识。讨论了这种方法与现有账户有何相似和不同,以及它如何与更广泛的培训和转移、群体和个体差异、重叠的 EF 功能和领域一般学习等问题相关。在这种情况下提倡的发展机制有意借鉴其他领域已经证明的神经心理学、学习和认知过程,因此 EF 理论可以从其他地方吸取的教训中受益,并与其他认知领域更加融合。群体和个体差异、重叠的 EF 功能和领域一般学习。在这种情况下提倡的发展机制有意借鉴其他领域已经证明的神经心理学、学习和认知过程,因此 EF 理论可以从其他地方吸取的教训中受益,并与其他认知领域更加融合。群体和个体差异、重叠的 EF 功能和领域一般学习。在这种情况下提倡的发展机制有意借鉴其他领域已经证明的神经心理学、学习和认知过程,因此 EF 理论可以从其他地方吸取的教训中受益,并与其他认知领域更加融合。

更新日期:2023-01-05
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