Purpose

Wine tourism has been growing considerably over the past decades. The literature highlights its relevance in the social, economic and cultural development of the regions where wine routes are located. However, few studies examine residents’ tourism impact perceptions and even fewer analyse the diversity of these perceptions. This study aims to fill this gap, examining this diversity according to the life-cycle stage of the wine route and residents’ involvement with wine and with tourism activities.

Design/methodology/approach

Data obtained from a questionnaire-based survey (N = 882) of residents from three wine routes of the Central Region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão and Beira Interior – were used, with dimensions of perceived impacts tested for internal consistency via Cronbach’s α. T-tests and ANOVA tests were used to compare residents’ perceptions of wine tourism impacts according to the life-cycle stage of the wine route and residents’ involvement with wine and with tourism activities.

Findings

Generally, residents perceived that wine tourism generates more benefits than costs, with positive economic and socio cultural impacts standing out, while negative environmental and social impacts were perceived less. Some differences are observed according to the life-cycle stage of the wine route, with both the most and the least developed routes presenting more pronounced both positive and negative impact impressions in diverse dimensions. Also, a moderating effect (however not as pronounced) of working in tourism and (even less visible) of working in the wine sector is observed. Possible explanations of these findings and implications on wine route development are discussed.

Originality/value

This article analyses a subject of great relevance for the sustainable development of wine tourism destinations that has been little studied in the literature. Thus, relevant theoretical and empirical contributions are identified.

中文翻译：

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居民对三个葡萄牙葡萄酒路线的葡萄酒旅游影响的看法有多大差异？参与旅游业、葡萄酒生产和目的地生命周期阶段的作用

目的

在过去的几十年里，葡萄酒旅游业一直在大幅增长。文献强调了它与葡萄酒之路所在地区的社会、经济和文化发展的相关性。然而，很少有研究考察居民对旅游影响的看法，而分析这些看法的多样性的研究就更少了。本研究旨在填补这一空白，根据葡萄酒路线的生命周期阶段以及居民对葡萄酒和旅游活动的参与程度来研究这种多样性。

设计/方法/途径

使用了来自葡萄牙中部地区三个葡萄酒产区——Bairrada 、Dão和Beira Interior——的基于问卷调查（N = 882）的居民获得的数据，并通过 Cronbach α测试了感知影响的维度以进行内部一致性测试。根据葡萄酒路线的生命周期阶段以及居民对葡萄酒和旅游活动的参与程度，使用 T 检验和方差分析比较居民对葡萄酒旅游影响的看法。

发现

总体而言，居民认为葡萄酒旅游产生的收益大于成本，对经济和社会文化的积极影响突出，而对环境和社会的负面影响则较少。根据葡萄酒路线的生命周期阶段，观察到一些差异，最发达和最不发达的路线在不同维度上呈现出更明显的正面和负面影响印象。此外，还观察到在旅游业工作和在葡萄酒行业工作（甚至不太明显）的缓和作用（但不那么明显）。讨论了这些发现的可能解释以及对葡萄酒路线开发的影响。

原创性/价值

本文分析了一个与葡萄酒旅游目的地的可持续发展密切相关的主题，该主题在文献中研究很少。因此，确定了相关的理论和实证贡献。