Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Muscogee, and Seminole citizens employed the Indian Territory exhibits at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition to advance the separate statehood movement. Increasingly shut out of the formal political realm, they adopted creative measures to exert their political will, including participating in the world’s fair. Employing insights from settler-colonial theory and public history, this paper argues that the politics of display expanded the agency of a group marginalized from political representation. The U.S. government, pressured by the territory’s growing population of non-Native settlers, had begun planning for statehood, passing the 1898 Curtis Act to force allotment and dissolve the Five Tribes’ governments by 1906. To protect their land and sovereignty, a cohort of Native citizens pursued statehood for Indian Territory separate from Oklahoma Territory. Although joint statehood won out, separate statehood advocates succeeded in creating exhibits that centered on the survival of Native nations. They also articulated an Indigenous conception of citizenship, developing an imaginative vision for a future in which self-determination and U.S. citizenship could converge in a Native state. This represented a novel contribution to ongoing debates over how to integrate remaining western territories into the United States and how to incorporate diverse peoples within the citizenry.

中文翻译：

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“一场震惊文明世界的展览”：在 1904 年路易斯安那采购博览会上寻求印度领土独立建国

Chickasaw、Choctaw、Cherokee、Muscogee 和 Seminole 公民在 1904 年路易斯安那采购博览会上使用印第安领土展品来推进独立建州运动。他们越来越被排除在正式的政治领域之外，他们采取了创造性的措施来发挥他们的政治意愿，包括参加世界博览会。本文运用定居者殖民理论和公共历史的见解，认为展示政治扩大了被政治代表边缘化的群体的代理权。美国政府受到该地区不断增长的非本地定居者人口的压力，已开始规划建州，通过了 1898 年的柯蒂斯法案，强制分配并在 1906 年解散了五个部落的政府。为了保护他们的土地和主权，一群原住民为独立于俄克拉荷马领地的印第安领地谋求建州。尽管联合建国获胜，但独立建国的拥护者成功地创建了以原住民民族的生存为中心的展览。他们还阐述了土著公民身份的概念，为未来发展了一个富有想象力的愿景，在这个未来中，自决权和美国公民身份可以在土著州融合。这代表了对正在进行的关于如何将剩余的西部领土纳入美国以及如何将不同民族纳入公民的辩论的新贡献。他们还阐述了土著公民身份的概念，为未来发展了一个富有想象力的愿景，在这个未来中，自决权和美国公民身份可以在土著州融合。这代表了对正在进行的关于如何将剩余的西部领土纳入美国以及如何将不同民族纳入公民的辩论的新贡献。他们还阐述了土著公民身份的概念，为未来发展了一个富有想象力的愿景，在这个未来中，自决权和美国公民身份可以在土著州融合。这代表了对正在进行的关于如何将剩余的西部领土纳入美国以及如何将不同民族纳入公民的辩论的新贡献。