Incomplete reduction of oxygen produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) or intermediates. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide (O₂^•−), hydroxyl radical (^•OH), and hypochlorite (ClO^-) are examples of ROS. Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) belongs to reactive nitrogen species. Recent studies are evidenced that they play crucial roles in cell signaling and tissue homeostasis. Further, ROS are recognized as oxidizing chemical species for various biochemical pathways (oxidative stress and damage of organisms) and as scavengers for various environmental applications. Herein, the recent progress of nanomaterials as optical sensors for colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of reactive oxygen species is discussed. This review also provides the analytical features of nanomaterials-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensors for sensing of ROS in real samples (biological and environmental samples). Additionally, the future prospects of nanomaterials-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensors for the detection of ROS are discussed.

氧的不完全还原会产生活性氧 (ROS) 或中间体。过氧化氢 (H ₂ O ₂ )、超氧化物 (O ₂ ^•− )、羟基自由基 ( ^• OH) 和次氯酸盐 (ClO ^- ) 是 ROS 的示例。过氧亚硝酸盐 (ONOO ⁻) 属于活性氮物种。最近的研究证明它们在细胞信号传导和组织稳态中起着至关重要的作用。此外，ROS 被认为是各种生化途径（氧化应激和生物体损伤）的氧化化学物质，也是各种环境应用的清除剂。本文讨论了纳米材料作为活性氧比色和荧光传感光学传感器的最新进展。本综述还提供了基于纳米材料的比色和荧光传感器的分析特征，用于感测实际样品（生物和环境样品）中的 ROS。此外，还讨论了用于检测 ROS 的基于纳米材料的比色和荧光传感器的未来前景。