The emission and absorption of trace gases in the biosphere affect atmospheric chemistry and influence the potential indirect effects on the carbon and nitrogen cycles, air pollution, and climate. Ozone (O₃) and nitrogen oxides are important for the atmosphere and have adverse effects on plant growth and human health. In this review, the observed fluxes and deposition velocities of O₃, NO, and NO₂ in various forest ecosystems and the commonly used measurement methodologies were summarized and compared. Canopy O₃ fluxes have been reported in evergreen coniferous and deciduous broadleaf forests. O₃ deposition was observed in the forest ecosystems during daytime and nighttime, because O₃ is absorbed through stomata, deposited on the surface of the plant and the ground, and lost through forest chemical reactions. There were no significant differences in O₃ fluxes and deposition velocities in broadleaf and coniferous forests during the summer. The O₃ flux in the forest at night were 15±8% and 22±7% of those at daytime for broadleaf and coniferous forests, respectively.

　The observed NO flux was both negative (deposition) and positive (emission), whereas that of NO₂ was only positive during the daytime in summer- autumn. NO₂ emissions mechanisms have been discussed in terms of NO emissions from forest soil, NO₂ absorption and emission by plant leaves through stomata, and NO and NO₂ concentration gradients caused by photochemical reactions according to the differences in sunlight intensity inside and outside the forest. Nitrates attached to leaves are possible sources of NO₂.

　Simultaneous measurements of O₃, NO, and NO₂ fluxes are important in different vegetation types for investigating the differences between vegetation types and for developing a global forest inventory of NO and NO₂ fluxes, and O₃ deposition because of their closely related exchange mechanisms.

　生物圈中痕量气体的排放和吸收会影响大气化学，并影响对碳氮循环、空气污染和气候的潜在间接影响。臭氧 (O ₃ ) 和氮氧化物对大气很重要，对植物生长和人类健康有不利影响。_{本文综述了不同森林生态系统中观测到的O 3}、NO和NO ₂通量和沉积速度以及常用的测量方法，并进行了总结和比较。已在常绿针叶林和落叶阔叶林中报告了冠层 O _3通量。O 3在白天和夜间的森林生态系统中都观察到了O _{3沉降，因为O 3}通过气孔吸收，沉积在植物和地面的表面，并通过森林化学反应流失。_{夏季阔叶林和针叶林O 3}通量和沉降速度无显着差异。阔叶林和针叶林夜间O _{3通量分别是白天的15±8%和22±7%。}

　观察到的 NO 通量为负（沉积）和正（排放），而 NO ₂的通量仅在夏秋季节的白天为正。从森林土壤NO排放、植物叶片气孔对NO ₂的吸收和排放、光化学反应引起的NO和NO ₂浓度梯度根据林内外光照强度的差异，探讨了NO ₂的排放机制。 . 附着在叶子上的硝酸盐可能是 NO ₂的来源。

　同时测量不同植被类型中的 O ₃、NO 和 NO ₂通量对于研究植被类型之间的差异以及开发 NO 和 NO ₂通量以及 O ₃沉降的全球森林清单非常重要，因为它们的交换机制密切相关.