The recent climate changes are largely affecting agricultural activity and production in Japan. Yield and quality losses are already reported for many cereals, fruits, and livestock. On the other hand, agriculture has contributed to accelerate the global warming through ongoing greenhouse gas emissions. The crop canopy temperature, which is determined through energy exchanges such as evapotranspiration, is one of the most important environmental factors that control crop growth and production. Climate near and within a crop canopy is generally unique compared with the climate well above the canopy. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are also exchanged through crop canopies. Quantification of those fluxes is necessary for planning the strategy to mitigate global warming. Therefore, many efforts have been made for understanding the phenomena and their underlying principles of crop micrometeorology and fluxes, and new findings have been reported in the Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. A turning point in this research field in recent decades is the release of commercial models of open-path gas analyzer and laser spectroscopic gas analyzer, which allowed researchers to carry out long-term and continuous observations of fluxes at both plot and ecosystem levels. Accumulation of new data and findings have been accelerated since then. Another progress in this research field includes the advancement of canopy micrometeorology and gas exchange models. With the recent rapid growth of machine learning techniques, new statistical model approaches, which do not assume the processes explicitly, are also emerging. As part of the activity of JapanFlux, this special collection, entitled “Gas fluxes and micrometeorology of agricultural ecosystems in Japan”, compiles original articles from a wide range of agricultural ecosystems and methodologies aiming at summarizing the advancement over the last 20 years in this research field. And it will provide a foundation towards robust and sustainable agriculture under future climate change in Japan.

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特集：日本农业生态系统的气体通量和微气象学

最近的气候变化在很大程度上影响了日本的农业活动和生产。许多谷物、水果和牲畜的产量和质量损失已经被报道。另一方面，农业通过持续的温室气体排放加速了全球变暖。作物冠层温度由蒸散等能量交换决定，是控制作物生长和产量的最重要环境​​因子之一。与远高于作物冠层的气候相比，作物冠层附近和内部的气候通常是独一无二的。二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等温室气体也通过作物冠层进行交换。这些通量的量化对于规划减缓全球变暖的战略是必要的。所以，为了理解作物微气象学和通量的现象及其基本原理，人们做出了许多努力，《农业气象学杂志》报道了新发现。近几十年来该研究领域的一个转折点是开放式气体分析仪和激光光谱气体分析仪商业模型的发布，这使得研究人员能够在样地和生态系统层面对通量进行长期和连续的观测。从那时起，新数据和发现的积累速度加快了。该研究领域的另一项进展包括冠层微气象学和气体交换模型的进步。随着最近机器学习技术的快速发展，不明确假设过程的新统计模型方法也不断涌现。作为 JapanFlux 活动的一部分，这个名为“日本农业生态系统的气体通量和微气象学”的特别合集汇集了来自广泛的农业生态系统和方法的原创文章，旨在总结过去 20 年这项研究的进展场地。它将为日本未来气候变化下稳健和可持续的农业奠定基础。