Heat is a dangerous hazard that causes acute heat illness, chronic disease exacerbations, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and a range of injuries. Risks are highest during extreme heat events (EHEs), which challenge the capacity of health systems and other critical infrastructure. EHEs are becoming more frequent and severe, and climate change is driving an increasing proportion of heat-related mortality, necessitating more investment in health protection. Climate-resilient health systems are better positioned for EHEs, and EHE preparedness is a form of disaster risk reduction. Preparedness activities commonly take the form of heat action plans (HAPs), with many examples at various administrative scales. HAP activities can be divided into primary prevention, most important in the pre-event phase; secondary prevention, key to risk reduction early in an EHE;and tertiary prevention, important later in the event phase. After-action reports and other postevent evaluation activities are central to adaptive management of this climate-sensitive hazard.

中文翻译：

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极端高温事件的公共卫生准备

高温是一种危险的危害，会导致急性热病、慢性疾病恶化、不良妊娠结局和一系列伤害。极端高温事件 (EHE) 期间的风险最高，这对卫生系统和其他关键基础设施的能力提出了挑战。 EHE 正变得越来越频繁和严重，而气候变化正在导致与高温相关的死亡率比例不断上升，因此需要在健康保护方面进行更多投资。具有气候适应能力的卫生系统更适合 EHE，而 EHE 防备是减少灾害风险的一种形式。准备活动通常采取高温行动计划（HAP）的形式，有许多不同管理规模的例子。 HAP 活动可分为一级预防，最重要的是在事件发生前阶段；二级预防，是 EHE 早期降低风险的关键；三级预防，在事件后期很重要。行动后报告和其他事后评估活动对于这种气候敏感灾害的适应性管理至关重要。