This article aims to show how reform of the law on terrorism not only has the power to create new criminal procedures, it can also create a distinct, parallel field operating alongside general criminal law. This parallel configuration presents certain unique features and processes which merit their own typology – namely, anti-terrorism criminal law (ATCL). First, the article discusses how states have responded to terrorism through reform of four key arenas: military law, immigration law, administrative law and criminal law. Comparison is then drawn between the United States and Israel in their respective approaches, showing that Israel has executed far more sweeping and significant reforms over the last four decades, mainly in criminal procedure. Examples are given to illustrate how Israel's evolving anti-terrorism legislation – and specifically, the new Counter-Terrorism Law of 2016 – changed the criminal procedural landscape to such a degree that it constituted the new field of ATCL. I contend that this move was anti-liberal in its definition and targeting of terror suspects, and in its pursuit of emergency aims and intelligence gathering rather than liberal criminal law objectives. Further, I show that liberal theory struggles to explain the integrated change model that Israel has implemented in its counter-terrorism reforms, and that the theoretical framings of Carl Schmitt and Michel Foucault may explain it more effectively.

本文旨在展示反恐法改革如何不仅能够创造新的刑事诉讼程序，还能创造一个与一般刑法并驾齐驱的独特平行领域。这种平行配置呈现出某些独特的特征和过程，值得它们自己的类型学——即反恐刑法 (ATCL)。首先，文章讨论了各国如何通过改革四个关键领域来应对恐怖主义：军事法、移民法、行政法和刑法。然后对美国和以色列各自的方法进行比较，表明以色列在过去四十年中进行了更为彻底和重要的改革，主要是在刑事诉讼方面。举例说明以色列如何“ 不断发展的反恐立法——特别是 2016 年新的《反恐法》——改变了刑事诉讼程序的格局，以至于它构成了 ATCL 的新领域。我认为，此举在其对恐怖嫌疑人的定义和瞄准，以及追求紧急目标和情报收集而不是自由刑法目标方面是反自由主义的。此外，我表明自由主义理论难以解释以色列在其反恐改革中实施的综合变革模式，卡尔施密特和米歇尔福柯的理论框架可能更有效地解释它。我认为，此举在其对恐怖嫌疑人的定义和瞄准，以及追求紧急目标和情报收集而不是自由刑法目标方面是反自由主义的。此外，我表明自由主义理论难以解释以色列在其反恐改革中实施的综合变革模式，卡尔施密特和米歇尔福柯的理论框架可能更有效地解释它。我认为，此举在其对恐怖嫌疑人的定义和瞄准，以及追求紧急目标和情报收集而不是自由刑法目标方面是反自由主义的。此外，我表明自由主义理论难以解释以色列在其反恐改革中实施的综合变革模式，卡尔施密特和米歇尔福柯的理论框架可能更有效地解释它。