Lithology and soil formation affect magnetic susceptibility and its distribution along soil pedons. Kerman province in Iran is typical for variable lithology. However, only limited data on soil magnetic susceptibility in this province and its relation to the lithology are available. We investigate the effect of soil properties and processes on magnetic susceptibility values of soils with different geology in central Iran. Seven soil pedons with different lithology including sedimentary and igneous bedrocks were selected in arid and semi-arid parts of northern Kerman. Routine physical and chemical properties, different forms of iron, and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility values were measured in all the collected samples. Four selected samples underwent magnetic separation. Two of them, which yielded the highest amount of magnetically extracted material, were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, polished sections from the sample with the highest mass-specific magnetic susceptibility were prepared. The results show that lithology strongly affects the magnetic susceptibility in the studied soils, ranging from the minimum value of 4.3 × 10⁻⁸ m³ kg⁻¹ (in the soils developed on Cretaceous marls and limestone) to 1264 × 10⁻⁸ m³ kg⁻¹ (on andesite rocks). Frequency-dependent susceptibility values of soils (from 0 to 5.3%) showed that coarse multi domain grains inherited from parent material were the main source of magnetism in the area under study. The average amount of free, non-crystalline, crystalline, and active iron oxides in the studied samples were 0.5, 9.96, 8.45, and 0.05 g kg⁻¹, respectively. The weighted mean for different factors was calculated in three depth ranges. Slope of linear regression was used to investigate the relation between mass-specific susceptibility and physicochemical parameters for different soil depths. The argilluviation process caused a decrease in the magnetic susceptibility in moderately developed soils of the region. The highest magnetic susceptibility values were found for Cambic Calcisols, followed by the Abruptic Solonetz, both developed on the andesite and gypsiferous marl. A positive relationship between magnetic susceptibility and Fe_o, Fe_d and Fe_d — Fe_o, and a negative correlation between magnetic susceptibility and Fe_o/Fe_d were found. According to X-ray diffraction analyses, diamagnetic minerals are dominant, while antiferromagnetic minerals are rare. The results suggest that changes in the magnetic susceptibility values are highly affected by the processes of soil formation, lithology, and soil classification.

岩性和土壤形成会影响磁化率及其沿土壤基部的分布。伊朗的克尔曼省是典型的多变岩性。但该省土壤磁化率及其与岩性关系的资料有限。我们研究了伊朗中部不同地质条件下土壤特性和过程对磁化率值的影响。在克尔曼北部的干旱和半干旱地区选择了沉积岩基岩和火成岩基岩等7种不同岩性的土基。在所有收集的样品中测量了常规物理和化学性质、不同形式的铁和质量比磁化率值。四个选定的样品进行了磁分离。他们两个人，对产生最高量磁提取材料的样品进行 X 射线衍射分析。此外，还制备了具有最高质量比磁化率的样品的抛光切片。结果表明，岩性强烈影响所研究土壤的磁化率，最小值 4.3 × 10⁻⁸ m ³ kg ⁻¹（在白垩纪泥灰岩和石灰岩上发育的土壤中）到 1264 × 10 ⁻⁸ m ³ kg ⁻¹（在安山岩上）。土壤的频率相关磁化率值（从 0 到 5.3%）表明，从母质继承的粗多畴颗粒是研究区域的主要磁性来源。所研究样品中游离、非结晶、结晶和活性氧化铁的平均含量分别为 0.5、9.96、8.45 和 0.05 g kg ^-1， 分别。在三个深度范围内计算不同因素的加权平均值。线性回归的斜率用于研究不同土壤深度的质量比磁化率与理化参数之间的关系。泥化过程导致该地区中等发育土壤的磁化率下降。Cambic Calcisols 的磁化率值最高，其次是 Abruptic Solonetz，两者均在安山岩和含膏质泥灰岩上发育。磁化率与Fe _o、Fe _d和Fe _d - Fe _o呈正相关，磁化率与Fe _o /Fe _{d呈负相关}被发现。根据 X 射线衍射分析，抗磁性矿物占主导地位，而反铁磁性矿物则很少见。结果表明，磁化率值的变化受土壤形成、岩性和土壤分类过程的影响很大。