SUMMARY

Diseases, such as tuberculosis and Spanish flu, spread in industrial environments in the early decades of the 20th century, but increased knowledge of various pathogens, in particular the bacteriological breakthrough made in the late 19th century, helped in the fight against the infectious diseases. This paper examines the attempts made to establish more hygienic industrial environments in Northern Finland in the beginning of the 20th century. There were, for example, efforts made by employers to stop the workforce from spitting on floors and to improve their personal hygiene. These goals were also reflected in material culture as people became acclimatised to soaps and spittoons, for example. Eliminating pathogens from daily life was seen as the responsibility of all. Bringing together archaeological and archival data, this paper scrutinises the interplay between demands of companies and authorities and the habits of workers in achieving more hygienic industrial environments.

概括

20 世纪初期，肺结核和西班牙流感等疾病在工业环境中传播，但人们对各种病原体的了解不断增加，特别是 19 世纪末在细菌学方面取得的突破，有助于对抗传染病。本文探讨了 20 世纪初芬兰北部为建立更卫生的工业环境所做的努力。例如，雇主努力阻止员工随地吐痰并改善他们的个人卫生。例如，随着人们逐渐习惯肥皂和痰盂，这些目标也反映在物质文化中。消除日常生活中的病原体被视为所有人的责任。汇集考古和档案数据，