Abstract

Skeletal muscle is a flexible and adaptable tissue that strongly responds to exercise training. The skeletal muscle responds to exercise by increasing muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when energy is available. One of protein synthesis’s major rate-limiting and critical regulatory steps is the translation elongation pathway. The process of translation elongation in skeletal muscle is highly regulated. It requires elongation factors that are intensely affected by various physiological stimuli such as exercise and the total available energy of cells. Studies have shown that exercise involves the elongation pathway by numerous signalling pathways. Since the elongation pathway, has been far less studied than the other translation steps, its comprehensive prospect and quantitative understanding remain in the dark. This study highlights the current understanding of the effect of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway focussing on the molecular factors affecting the pathway, including Ca²⁺, AMPK, PKA, mTORC1/P70S6K, MAPKs, and myostatin. We further discussed the mode and volume of exercise training intervention on the translation elongation pathway.

• What is the topic of this review? This review summarises the impacts of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway in skeletal muscle focussing on eEF2 and eEF2K.

• What advances does it highlight? This review highlights mechanisms and factors that profoundly influence the translation elongation pathway and argues that exercise might modulate the response. This review also combines the experimental observations focussing on the regulation of translation elongation during and after exercise. The findings widen our horizon to the notion of mechanisms involved in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) through translation elongation response to exercise training.

摘要

骨骼肌是一种灵活且适应性强的组织，对运动训练有强烈反应。当能量可用时，骨骼肌通过增加肌肉蛋白质合成 (MPS) 来响应运动。蛋白质合成的主要限速和关键调节步骤之一是翻译延伸通路。骨骼肌中的平移伸长过程受到高度调节。它需要受各种生理刺激（如运动和细胞可用总能量）强烈影响的伸长因子。研究表明，运动涉及许多信号通路的延伸通路。自延伸途径以来，研究远少于其他翻译步骤，其综合前景和定量理解仍处于黑暗之中。^{2 +}、AMPK、PKA、mTORC1/P70S6K、MAPK 和肌肉生长抑制素。我们进一步讨论了运动训练干预平移延伸通路的方式和量。

• 这篇评论的主题是什么？本综述总结了运动训练对骨骼肌中 eEF2 和 eEF2K 平移伸长通路的影响。

• 它突出了哪些进步？这篇综述强调了深刻影响翻译延伸路径的机制和因素，并认为运动可能会调节反应。本综述还结合了侧重于运动期间和运动后平移延伸调节的实验观察结果。这些发现通过对运动训练的翻译延伸反应，拓宽了我们对肌肉蛋白质合成 (MPS) 机制概念的认识。