In the last four decades, the historical heritage of Cartagena de Indias has been at the center of national and international attention due to its classification as a World Heritage Site according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Many historians and architects in the past have narrated the heroic deeds of the city of Cartagena, its role in the independence of Colombia, as well as the history of its construction. Its history, extension and majesty currently attract hundreds of thousands of tourists each year. Tourism representing the second source of income in the region after industry. However, today the heritage continues to suffer from several challenges that deserve to be faced by the community in general, the scientific community and institutions. Its particular state of conservation and some state of deterioration has generated a call for attention by UNESCO to categorize it as heritage at risk due to the effects of climate change (UNESCO 2016), which represented a crucial moment for the authors offering several points of reflection that have given life to this work. Part of the problems of deterioration and decay of the fortifications is due to a deep lack of knowledge on the part of civil society and the authorities about the construction history and the stratification of interventions on the heritage. For this reason, the objective of this paper is to analyze the history of the interventions and modifications of the fortifications, including the submarine defense system of Cartagena de Indias, as well as to evaluate the state of the city at the end of the Spanish viceroyalty. In this work, history, architecture and engineering come together, proposing a journey into the past, a broad vision of heritage and its current problems. In the conclusions, the authors matured a series of recommendations as a result of the present investigation and their personal experience in heritage management. It is considered essential to apply these measures in the short-medium term for the heritage protection and its conservation for future generations.

中文翻译：

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卡塔赫纳遗产的历史建筑分析

在过去的四十年里，卡塔赫纳的历史遗产一直处于国家和国际关注的中心，因为它被联合国教育、科学及文化组织 (UNESCO) 列为世界遗产。过去许多历史学家和建筑师都讲述了卡塔赫纳城的英雄事迹，它在哥伦比亚独立中的作用，以及它的建造历史。它的历史、延伸和威严目前每年吸引着数十万游客。旅游业是该地区仅次于工业的第二大收入来源。然而，今天的遗产继续遭受一些挑战，这些挑战应该由整个社区、科学界和机构来面对。由于气候变化的影响，其特殊的保护状态和某种退化状态引起了联合国教科文组织的关注，将其归类为濒危遗产（UNESCO 2016），这是作者提供几个反思点的关键时刻为这项工作赋予了生命。防御工事恶化和衰败的部分问题是由于民间社会和当局对建筑历史和遗产干预分层的知识严重缺乏。出于这个原因，本文的目的是分析防御工事的干预和修改的历史，包括卡塔赫纳德印第亚斯的潜艇防御系统，以及评估西班牙总督统治结束时的城市状况. 在这项工作中，历史、建筑和工程汇集在一起​​，提出了一段通往过去的旅程、对遗产及其当前问题的广阔视野。在结论中，作者根据目前的调查和他们在遗产管理方面的个人经验提出了一系列成熟的建议。认为在中短期内采取这些措施对于遗产保护及其为子孙后代的保护至关重要。