RNA deadenylation, the process of shortening of the 3' poly(A) tail of an RNA molecule, is one of the key steps of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. PAN2/3 and CCR4-NOT (CNOT) are the two dominant RNA deadenylation complexes, which play central roles in mediating mRNA decay and translation. While degradation is the final fate of virtually all RNAs in their life cycles, selection of RNA targets as well as control of the rate and timing of RNA decay, in coordination with other molecular pathways, including translation, can be modulated in certain contexts. Such regulation influences cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation at the cellular level; and contributes to establish polarity and regulate signaling at the tissue level. Dysregulation of deadenylation processes have also been implicated in human diseases ranging from cardiac diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders to cancers. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms of gene expression control mediated by the RNA deadenylation complexes and highlight relevant evidence supporting the emerging roles of RNA deadenylation and its regulatory proteins during development and in diseases. A systemic understanding of these mechanisms will be a critical foundation for development of effective strategies to therapeutically target them.

中文翻译：

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发育和疾病中的 RNA 脱腺苷酸复合物。

RNA 去腺苷酸化是缩短 RNA 分子 3' poly(A) 尾巴的过程，是真核细胞中基因表达转录后调控的关键步骤之一。PAN2/3 和 CCR4-NOT (CNOT) 是两种主要的 RNA 去腺苷酸化复合物，在介导 mRNA 衰变和翻译中起着核心作用。虽然降解是几乎所有 RNA 在其生命周期中的最终命运，但可以在某些情况下调节 RNA 靶标的选择以及 RNA 衰变速率和时间的控制，并与其他分子途径（包括翻译）协调。这种调节在细胞水平上影响细胞生长、增殖和分化；并有助于在组织水平建立极性和调节信号。脱腺苷酸化过程的失调也与从心脏病和神经发育障碍到癌症的人类疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论由 RNA 去腺苷酸化复合物介导的基因表达控制机制，并强调支持 RNA 去腺苷酸化及其调节蛋白在发育过程和疾病中的新兴作用的相关证据。对这些机制的系统理解将是开发有效策略以治疗它们的关键基础。我们将讨论由 RNA 脱腺苷酸复合物介导的基因表达控制机制，并强调支持 RNA 脱腺苷酸化及其调节蛋白在发育和疾病中的新兴作用的相关证据。对这些机制的系统理解将是开发有效策略以治疗它们的关键基础。我们将讨论由 RNA 脱腺苷酸复合物介导的基因表达控制机制，并强调支持 RNA 脱腺苷酸化及其调节蛋白在发育和疾病中的新兴作用的相关证据。对这些机制的系统理解将是开发有效策略以治疗它们的关键基础。