Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce significant and durable treatment responses in about 20% of all cancers, but many patients have natural resistance to current immunotherapies. The past decade of technological advances has resulted in large-scale profiling of many cancers and their tumor microenvironments, rapidly expanding our understanding of the mechanisms utilized by tumors to create immune-resistant microenvironments. In this review, we discuss key factors that create immune resistance and emerging concepts that are redefining how we view immune resistance, as well as highlight novel strategies that aim to convert immune-resistant into immune-sensitive tumors.

中文翻译：

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加热冷肿瘤以促进免疫治疗的策略

免疫检查点抑制剂在大约 20% 的癌症中诱导显着且持久的治疗反应，但许多患者对当前的免疫疗法具有天然抵抗力。过去十年的技术进步导致了对许多癌症及其肿瘤微环境的大规模分析，迅速扩大了我们对肿瘤创建免疫抵抗微环境的机制的理解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了产生免疫抵抗的关键因素和正在重新定义我们如何看待免疫抵抗的新兴概念，并强调了旨在将免疫抵抗转化为免疫敏感肿瘤的新策略。