Multivalent vaccines addressing an increasing number of Streptococcus pneumoniae types (7-, 10-, 13-, 15-, 20-valent) have been licensed over the last 22 years. The use of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines has been pivotal in reducing the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease despite the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. Notwithstanding its undoubtable success, some weaknesses have called for continuous improvement of pneumococcal vaccination. For instance, despite their inclusion in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, there are challenges associated with some serotypes. In particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 remains a major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in several countries.

Here a deep revision of the strengths and weaknesses of the licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and other vaccine candidates currently in clinical development is reported.

在过去 22 年中，针对越来越多的肺炎链球菌类型（7 价、10 价、13 价、15 价、20 价）的多价疫苗已获得许可。尽管出现了非疫苗血清型，但多糖蛋白结合疫苗的使用对于降低侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的发病率至关重要。尽管取得了毋庸置疑的成功，但仍存在一些弱点，需要不断改进肺炎球菌疫苗接种。例如，尽管它们包含在肺炎球菌结合疫苗中，但仍存在与某些血清型相关的挑战。特别是， 3 型肺炎链球菌仍然是一些国家侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的主要原因。

此处报告了对获得许可的肺炎球菌结合疫苗和目前处于临床开发中的其他候选疫苗的优缺点的深入修订。