ABSTRACT: Low trophic aquaculture (LTA), such as bivalve farming, offers promising avenues to supply sustainable seafood and aquafeed. While bivalve farming usually occurs in highly productive coastal areas which already support numerous human activities and suffer from environmental pressures, numerical tools offer a promising avenue to explore and assess biomass production potential and associated ecosystemic impacts for further development of the industry and prospection of new exploitation sites. In this study, we coupled an ecophysiological model, the dynamic energy budget theory (DEB), with an ecosystem model (NORWECOM.E2E) to simulate blue mussel Mytilus spp. farming production and effects based on the food web in the mesotrophic Hardangerfjord in western Norway. We tested several levels of fjord-scale farming intensity and assessed 2 production purposes: aquafeed and human consumption. Results suggested the Hardangerfjord could host large-scale mussel farming for both purposes. However, large exploitation schemes displayed detrimental effects on individual mussel growth (39% less wet mass after 2 yr) and especially on secondary production (decrease of 33% after 1 yr) due to acute trophic competition. Simulations showed short production cycles for aquafeed were more efficient to exploit primary production, since young and small mussels have lower maintenance and reproduction costs. Dissolved nutrient inputs from salmonid farms had marginal effects on primary production (<2%). However, salmonid and mussel farming activities could compete for the sites with the highest production potential.

中文翻译：

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中营养环境中的贻贝养殖生产能力和食物网相互作用

摘要：低营养水产养殖 (LTA)，如双壳类养殖，为供应可持续海鲜和水产饲料提供了有前途的途径。虽然双壳类养殖通常发生在已经支持大量人类活动并承受环境压力的高产沿海地区，但数字工具提供了一个有前途的途径来探索和评估生物质生产潜力和相关的生态系统影响，以促进该行业的进一步发展和新开发的前景网站。在这项研究中，我们将生态生理学模型、动态能量收支理论 (DEB) 与生态系统模型 (NORWECOM.E2E) 相结合来模拟蓝贻贝Mytilus属 挪威西部中温哈当厄尔峡湾基于食物网的农业生产和影响。我们测试了几个级别的峡湾规模养殖强度并评估了 2 个生产目的：水产饲料和人类消费。结果表明，哈当厄尔峡湾可以为这两个目的开展大规模贻贝养殖。然而，由于剧烈的营养竞争，大型开发计划对单个贻贝的生长（2 年后湿重减少 39%），尤其是二次生产（1 年后减少 33%）显示出不利影响。模拟表明，水产饲料的较短生产周期可以更有效地利用初级生产，因为幼小的贻贝具有较低的维护和繁殖成本。来自鲑鱼养殖场的溶解养分输入对初级生产具有边际影响（<2%）。然而，