The structural and chemical compositions of Y³⁺ ion-doped CaF₂ were investigated as a possible lanthanide hosting material. A series of CaF₂ nanomaterials doped with various concentrations of Y³⁺ ions under the chelating agent ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The x-ray diffraction results demonstrated that a mixture of cubic CaF₂ and [CaY]F₂ phases gradually formed with an increasing Y³⁺ ion concentration. A single [CaY]F₂ cubic phase was formed when EDTA was added as the chelating agent. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that the particle size and the morphology of the material depended on the Y³⁺ concentration and that EDTA (0.5 g) produced a spherical morphology. The surface and bulk chemical compositions were determined using a combined system of soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) (Al-Kα 1486.7 eV) and hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) (Cr-Kα 5414.7 eV). The relative changes in the chemical composition of the surface and subsurface/bulk were investigated. The combined XPS-HAXPES analysis demonstrated that the surface impurities in the accessible peaks (Ca 2p, Y 3d, and F 1s) completely diminished in the subsurface region. However, XPS-HAXPES analysis confirmed that the composition of the [CaY]F₂ nanomaterial on the surface differs from that in the subsurface region.

中文翻译：

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CaF2:Y3+材料的体积和表面化学成分及微观结构特性

^{Y 3+}离子掺杂的 CaF ₂的结构和化学组成被研究为可能的镧系元素主体材料。在螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的作用下，采用水热法合成了一系列掺杂不同浓度Y ^{3+离子的CaF} _{2纳米材料。}X射线衍射结果表明，随着Y ³⁺离子浓度的增加，立方CaF ₂和[CaY]F ₂相的混合物逐渐形成。单个 [CaY]F ₂当添加 EDTA 作为螯合剂时，会形成立方相。扫描电子显微镜结果表明，材料的粒径和形貌取决于 Y ³⁺浓度和 EDTA (0.5 g) 产生球形形态。使用软 x 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) (Al-Kα 1486.7 eV) 和硬 x 射线光电子能谱 (HAXPES) (Cr-Kα 5414.7 eV) 的组合系统测定表面和本体化学成分。研究了表面和地下/体积的化学成分的相对变化。组合的 XPS-HAXPES 分析表明，可及峰（Ca 2p、Y 3d 和 F 1s）中的表面杂质在地下区域完全减少。然而，XPS-HAXPES 分析证实，[CaY]F ₂纳米材料在表面的组成与地下区域的不同。