The use of nanostructured materials is increasingly widespread thanks to their particular properties that can improve the performance of devices in various scientific applications. One of them is in the architecture of perovskite solar cells characterized by high photoconversion efficiency values that make them able to compete with silicon solar cells. In this framework, we deposited TiO${}_2$ sponges by reactive sputtering based on a grazing-incidence geometry combined with the local oxidation of species. The deposited material gains 50% porosity in volume through depths of hundreds of nanometers and consists of a forest of uniform rods separated by mesopores (pipelines) arising from the grazing geometry. Many previous studies showed how TiO${}_2$ can improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In this article, we investigated the change of the wettability values of the TiO${}_2$ samples before and after a postdeposition thermal annealing treatment. For comparison, the influence of the annealing on the wettability of the glass substrate is also reported.

中文翻译：

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通过 gig-lox 溅射工艺沉积的海绵状 TiO2 层：接触角测量

纳米结构材料的使用越来越广泛，这要归功于它们的特殊性能，可以提高各种科学应用中设备的性能。其中之一是钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构，其特点是具有高光转换效率值，使其能够与硅太阳能电池竞争。在这个框架中，我们沉积了 TiO${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$通过基于掠入射几何结构的反应溅射与物种的局部氧化相结合来制备海绵。沉积材料通过数百纳米的深度获得 50% 的体积孔隙率，并且由均匀的杆森林组成，这些杆被由放牧几何形状产生的中孔（管道）隔开。许多先前的研究表明 TiO${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$可以提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率。在本文中，我们研究了 TiO2 润湿性值的变化${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$沉积后热退火处理前后的样品。为了进行比较，还报道了退火对玻璃基板润湿性的影响。