Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and often fatal illness that occurs in various clinical settings and represents a significant unmet medical need. Increasing evidence indicates that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute significantly to the progression of PF. Therefore, understanding the pathways by which NETs contribute to the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments. This review focuses on the formation of NETs and the common mechanisms of NETs in PF. 1. This review focuses on NETs formation and the role of NETs in PF and presents research progress. 2. We describe specific mechanisms by which NETs induce PF in fibroblasts while revealing the transduction mechanisms that remain to be investigated. 3. We explore the possible consequences of NETs action on lung epithelial cells, including NETs-induced lung epithelial damage and NETs-driven epithelial mesenchymal transition. 4. We introduce recent key findings about the role of NETs-mediated chronic inflammation in PF and the effect of autophagy-driven production of NETs in fibrosis.

中文翻译：

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中性粒细胞胞外陷阱和肺纤维化：更新

肺纤维化 (PF) 是一种严重且通常致命的疾病，发生在各种临床环境中，代表着未满足的重大医疗需求。越来越多的证据表明，中性粒细胞胞外陷阱 (NETs) 对 PF 的进展有显着贡献。因此，了解 NETs 导致疾病的途径对于开发有效的治疗方法至关重要。本综述侧重于 NET 的形成和 PF 中 NET 的常见机制。1. 本综述侧重于 NETs 的形成和 NETs 在 PF 中的作用，并介绍了研究进展。2. 我们描述了 NET 在成纤维细胞中诱导 PF 的具体机制，同时揭示了仍有待研究的转导机制。3. 我们探索 NETs 作用于肺上皮细胞的可能后果，包括 NETs 诱导的肺上皮损伤和 NETs 驱动的上皮间质转化。4. 我们介绍了最近关于 NETs 介导的慢性炎症在 PF 中的作用以及自噬驱动的 NETs 产生在纤维化中的作用的主要发现。