Depression is the second leading cause of disability in the world population, for which currently available pharmacological therapies either have poor efficacy or have some adverse effects. Accumulating evidence from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrates that the amygdala is critically implicated in depressive disorders, though the underlying pathogenesis mechanism needs further investigation. In this literature review, we overviewed depression and the key role of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Glutamate neurotransmission in depression. Notably, we discussed a new cholecystokinin-dependent plastic changes mechanism under stress and a possible antidepressant response of cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) antagonist. Moreover, we discussed the fundamental role of the amygdala in depression, to discuss and understand the pathophysiology of depression and the inclusive role of the amygdala in this devastating disorder.

抑郁症是世界人口致残的第二大原因，目前可用的药物治疗要么疗效不佳，要么有一些副作用。从临床和临床前研究中积累的证据表明，杏仁核与抑郁症密切相关，尽管潜在的发病机制需要进一步研究。在这篇文献综述中，我们概述了抑郁症以及γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 和谷氨酸神经传递在抑郁症中的关键作用。值得注意的是，我们讨论了一种新的压力下胆囊收缩素依赖性塑性变化机制以及胆囊收缩素 B 受体 (CCKBR) 拮抗剂可能产生的抗抑郁反应。此外，我们讨论了杏仁核在抑郁症中的基本作用，