Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic pathologies generated by the loss of immune tolerance to the body's own cells and tissues. There is growing recognition that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) critically govern immunity in healthy and pathological conditions by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally at all levels: nuclear mRNA splicing and modification, export to the cytoplasm, as well as cytoplasmic mRNA transport, storage, editing, stability, and translation. Despite enormous efforts to identify new therapies for ADs, definitive solutions are not yet available in many instances. Recognizing that many ADs have a strong genetic component, we have explored connections between the molecular biology and the genetics of RBPs in ADs. Here, we review the genetics and molecular biology of RBPs in four major ADs, multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We anticipate that gaining insights into the genetics and biology of ADs can facilitate the discovery of new therapies.

中文翻译：

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自身免疫中的 RNA 结合蛋白：从遗传学到分子生物学

自身免疫性疾病（AD）是由于人体自身细胞和组织丧失免疫耐受性而产生的慢性疾病。人们越来越认识到，RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP) 通过在转录后各个水平调节基因表达来关键地控制健康和病理条件下的免疫：核 mRNA 剪接和修饰、输出到细胞质，以及细胞质 mRNA 运输、储存、编辑、稳定性和翻译。尽管为寻找 AD 新疗法付出了巨大努力，但在许多情况下尚无明确的解决方案。认识到许多 AD 具有很强的遗传成分，我们探索了 AD 中 RBP 的分子生物学和遗传学之间的联系。在这里，我们回顾了四种主要 AD、多发性硬化症 (MS)、1 型糖尿病 (T1D)、系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 和类风湿性关节炎 (RA)。我们预计，深入了解 AD 的遗传学和生物学可以促进新疗法的发现。