Austenitic stainless steel 316 L grade is a material having extraordinary mechanical properties, low cost and easily available. This is the reason it was used in various industrial and nuclear applications. In the present work, ASS 316L nakazima specimens are stretched under hot forming conditions (750°C, 825°C and 900°C) at a constant strain rate (0.1s-1) along with three different orientations. These six types of nakazima specimens were used to know the formability behaviour of the material with the help of forming limit diagrams (FLD) obtained by the stretch forming process. A smaller change in Punch load and an increase in displacement were observed, which indicates the formability improvement of ASS 316L sheet metal with the increase in temperature. In addition, ABAQUS 6.13 computer code was applied for the prediction of formability from 750°C to 900°C. To improve the accuracy of the simulation, a number of integration points were accrued within the thickness direction, limiting dome height (LDH).The ductile fracture was observed from SEM images for all the temperatures. A close agreement was found between experimental and simulated results.

中文翻译：

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ASS 316L 高温拉伸成形工艺的实验和有限元研究

奥氏体不锈钢 316 L 级是一种具有非凡机械性能、成本低且易于获得的材料。这就是它被用于各种工业和核应用的原因。在目前的工作中，ASS 316L nakazima 试样在热成型条件（750°C、825°C 和 900°C）下以恒定应变速率 (0.1s-1) 以及三个不同方向进行拉伸。这六种类型的 nakazima 样本用于借助拉伸成型过程获得的成型极限图 (FLD) 了解材料的成型性能。观察到冲压载荷的较小变化和位移的增加，这表明 ASS 316L 金属板的可成形性随着温度的升高而提高。此外，ABAQUS 6. 13 个计算机代码用于预测 750°C 至 900°C 的成型性。为了提高模拟的准确性，在厚度方向内累积了多个积分点，限制了圆顶高度 (LDH)。从所有温度的 SEM 图像中观察到延性断裂。实验结果与模拟结果非常吻合。