We intuitively make a distinction between lying and misleading. On the explanation of this phenomenon favored here—the adverbial account—the distinction tracks whether the content and its truth-committing force are literally conveyed. On an alternative commitment account, the difference between lying and misleading is predicated instead on the strength of assertoric commitment. One lies when one presents with full assertoric commitment what one believes to be false; one merely misleads when one presents it without full assertoric commitment, by merely hinting or otherwise implying it. Now, as predicted by the well-supported assumption that we can also assert with pictures, the lying/misleading distinction appears to intuitively show up there too. Here I’ll explain how the debate confronting the two accounts plays out both in general and in that case, aiming to provide support for the adverbial account.

我们凭直觉区分说谎和误导。根据对这里偏爱的这种现象的解释——状语解释——区别追踪内容及其承诺真理的力量是否按字面意思传达。关于替代承诺考虑到，说谎和误导之间的区别取决于坚定承诺的强度。当一个人以完全坚定的承诺呈现他认为是错误的东西时，一个人就会撒谎；当一个人在没有完全断言的承诺的情况下通过仅仅暗示​​或以其他方式暗示它来呈现它时，一个人只是误导了它。现在，正如我们也可以用图片断言的得到充分支持的假设所预测的那样，说谎/误导的区别似乎也直观地出现在那里。在这里，我将解释这两个帐户所面临的辩论在一般情况下和在那种情况下是如何进行的，旨在为状语帐户提供支持。