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Comparison between qPCR and RNA-seq reveals challenges of quantifying HLA expression
Immunogenetics ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01296-7
Vitor R C Aguiar 1, 2, 3 , Erick C Castelli 4 , Richard M Single 5 , Arman Bashirova 6, 7 , Veron Ramsuran 6, 7, 8, 9 , Smita Kulkarni 6, 7, 10 , Danillo G Augusto 6, 7, 11, 12 , Maureen P Martin 6, 7 , Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus 2, 3 , Mary Carrington 6, 7, 13 , Diogo Meyer 1
Affiliation  

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II loci are essential elements of innate and acquired immunity. Their functions include antigen presentation to T cells leading to cellular and humoral immune responses, and modulation of NK cells. Their exceptional influence on disease outcome has now been made clear by genome-wide association studies. The exons encoding the peptide-binding groove have been the main focus for determining HLA effects on disease susceptibility/pathogenesis. However, HLA expression levels have also been implicated in disease outcome, adding another dimension to the extreme diversity of HLA that impacts variability in immune responses across individuals. To estimate HLA expression, immunogenetic studies traditionally rely on quantitative PCR (qPCR). Adoption of alternative high-throughput technologies such as RNA-seq has been hampered by technical issues due to the extreme polymorphism at HLA genes. Recently, however, multiple bioinformatic methods have been developed to accurately estimate HLA expression from RNA-seq data. This opens an exciting opportunity to quantify HLA expression in large datasets but also brings questions on whether RNA-seq results are comparable to those by qPCR. In this study, we analyze three classes of expression data for HLA class I genes for a matched set of individuals: (a) RNA-seq, (b) qPCR, and (c) cell surface HLA-C expression. We observed a moderate correlation between expression estimates from qPCR and RNA-seq for HLA-A, -B, and -C (0.2 ≤ rho ≤ 0.53). We discuss technical and biological factors which need to be accounted for when comparing quantifications for different molecular phenotypes or using different techniques.



中文翻译:

qPCR 和 RNA-seq 之间的比较揭示了量化 HLA 表达的挑战

人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) I 类和 II 类位点是先天性和获得性免疫的基本要素。它们的功能包括将抗原呈递给 T 细胞,导致细胞和体液免疫反应,以及调节 NK 细胞。现在,全基因组关联研究已经明确了它们对疾病结果的特殊影响。编码肽结合沟的外显子一直是确定 HLA 对疾病易感性/发病机制影响的主要焦点。然而,HLA 表达水平也与疾病结果有关,这为影响个体免疫反应变异性的 HLA 的极端多样性增加了另一个维度。为了估计 HLA 表达,免疫遗传学研究传统上依赖于定量 PCR (qPCR)。由于 HLA 基因的极端多态性,技术问题阻碍了 RNA-seq 等替代高通量技术的采用。然而,最近,已经开发出多种生物信息学方法来从 RNA-seq 数据中准确估计 HLA 表达。这为量化大型数据集中的 HLA 表达提供了一个令人兴奋的机会,但也带来了 RNA-seq 结果是否与 qPCR 的结果具有可比性的问题。在这项研究中,我们分析了一组匹配个体的 HLA I 类基因的三类表达数据:(a) RNA-seq,(b) qPCR,和 (c) 细胞表面 HLA-C 表达。我们观察到 qPCR 和 RNA-seq 的表达估计之间存在适度相关性 已经开发了多种生物信息学方法来从 RNA-seq 数据准确估计 HLA 表达。这为量化大型数据集中的 HLA 表达提供了一个令人兴奋的机会,但也带来了 RNA-seq 结果是否与 qPCR 的结果具有可比性的问题。在这项研究中,我们分析了一组匹配个体的 HLA I 类基因的三类表达数据:(a) RNA-seq,(b) qPCR,和 (c) 细胞表面 HLA-C 表达。我们观察到 qPCR 和 RNA-seq 的表达估计之间存在适度相关性 已经开发了多种生物信息学方法来从 RNA-seq 数据准确估计 HLA 表达。这为量化大型数据集中的 HLA 表达提供了一个令人兴奋的机会,但也带来了 RNA-seq 结果是否与 qPCR 的结果具有可比性的问题。在这项研究中,我们分析了一组匹配个体的 HLA I 类基因的三类表达数据:(a) RNA-seq,(b) qPCR,和 (c) 细胞表面 HLA-C 表达。我们观察到 qPCR 和 RNA-seq 的表达估计之间存在适度相关性 我们分析了一组匹配个体的 HLA I 类基因的三类表达数据:(a) RNA-seq,(b) qPCR,和 (c) 细胞表面 HLA-C 表达。我们观察到 qPCR 和 RNA-seq 的表达估计之间存在适度相关性 我们分析了一组匹配个体的 HLA I 类基因的三类表达数据:(a) RNA-seq,(b) qPCR,和 (c) 细胞表面 HLA-C 表达。我们观察到 qPCR 和 RNA-seq 的表达估计之间存在适度相关性HLA-A-B-C(0.2 ≤ rho ≤ 0.53)。我们讨论了在比较不同分子表型的量化或使用不同技术时需要考虑的技术和生物学因素。

更新日期:2023-01-29
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