Restoration of damaged bone and cartilage tissue with biomaterial scaffolds is an area of interest in orthopaedics. Chitosan is among the low-cost biomaterials used as scaffolds with considerable biocompability to almost every human tissue. Considerable osteoconductivity, porosity, and appropriate pore size distribution have made chitosan an appropriate scaffold for loading of stem cells and a good homing place for differentiation of stem cells to bone tissue. Moreover, the similarity of chitosan to glycosaminoglycans and its potential to be used as soft gels, which could be lasting more than 1 week in mobile chondral defects, has made chitosan a polymer of interest in repairing bone and cartilage defects. Different types of scaffolds using chitosan in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are discussed. MSCs are widely used in regenerative medicine because of their regenerative ability, and recent line evidence reviewed demonstrated that the combination of MSCs with a combination of chitosan with different materials, including collagen type 1, hyaluronic acid, Poly(L-lacticacid)/gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate, gamma-poly[glutamic acid] polyelectrolyte/titanium alloy, modified Poly(L-Lactide-co-Epsilon-Caprolactone), calcium phosphate, β-glycerophosphate hydrogel/calcium phosphate cement (CPC), and CPC-Chitosan-RGD, can increase the efficacy of using MSCs, and chitosan-based stem cell delivery can be a promising method in restoration of damaged bone and cartilage tissue.

中文翻译：

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基于 3D 壳聚糖的混合支架和间充质干细胞在骨科组织工程中的协同作用。

用生物材料支架修复受损的骨骼和软骨组织是骨科感兴趣的领域。壳聚糖是用作支架的低成本生物材料之一，对几乎每个人体组织都具有相当大的生物相容性。相当大的骨传导性、孔隙率和适当的孔径分布使壳聚糖成为装载干细胞的合适支架和干细胞分化为骨组织的良好归巢场所。此外，壳聚糖与糖胺聚糖的相似性及其用作软凝胶的潜力（在活动性软骨缺损中可以持续超过 1 周）使壳聚糖成为修复骨和软骨缺损的重要聚合物。讨论了使用壳聚糖结合间充质干细胞 (MSC) 的不同类型的支架。