The influential Whitehall studies found that top-ranking civil servants in Britain experienced lower mortality than civil servants below them in the organizational hierarchy due to differential exposure to workplace stress. I test for a Whitehall effect in the United States using a 1930 cohort of white-collar employees at a leading firm – General Electric (GE). All had access to a corporate health and welfare program during a critical period associated with the health transition. I measure status using position in the managerial hierarchy, attendance at prestigious management training camps and promotions, none of which is associated with a Whitehall-like rank-mortality gradient. Instead, senior managers and executives experienced a 3–5-year decrease in lifespan relative to those in lower levels, with the largest mortality penalty experienced by individuals in the second level of the hierarchy. I discuss generalizability and potential explanations for this reversal of the Whitehall phenomenon using additional data on the status and lifespan of top business executives and US senators.

中文翻译：

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现状和死亡率：美国是否存在白厅效应？

颇具影响力的白厅研究发现，由于工作场所压力的暴露程度不同，英国高层公务员的死亡率低于组织层级中级别较低的公务员。我使用美国一家领先公司通用电气 (GE) 的 1930 名白领员工来测试白厅效应。在与健康转型相关的关键时期，所有人都可以获得企业健康和福利计划。我通过管理层级中的职位、参加著名管理培训营和晋升来衡量地位，这些都与白厅式的等级死亡率梯度无关。相反，高级管理人员和高管的寿命相对于较低级别的人员缩短了 3 至 5 年，等级制度第二级的个人经历的死亡惩罚最大。我使用有关高级企业高管和美国参议员的地位和寿命的额外数据来讨论白厅现象逆转的普遍性和潜在解释。