Urban development results in habitat destruction, affecting populations of amphibians, the most fragile group of vertebrates. With changes in the environment, these animals become more exposed to light and predators. To enhance their chances of survival, they display plasticity of body coloration. Aside from adaptive benefits, animals exhibiting background matching meet the energetic costs and restrictions of changing body tones. To study the physiological consequences of Hyla arborea tadpole adaptation to background color, we followed oxidative stress parameters after rearing larvae on a constant background (black/white) and after changing the background color. Larvae cultivated for 20 days on constant substrate color exhibited differences in body coloration but without differences in lipid peroxidation (LPO) concentration between dark and pale individuals, suggesting that coloration investment during this period did not induce higher oxidative damage in darker tadpoles. Prolonged exposure of larvae (37 days) to a dark habitat increased antioxidative system defense and LPO concentrations, compared to animals reared permanently in the white surroundings. The positive correlation of oxidative damage with color intensity of individuals points to the physiological consequences of higher investment in the number of pigment cells necessary for dark pigmentation. In individuals faced with non-matching background and change in body coloration, defense system declined and LPO occurred relative to individuals cultivated in white habitat. Here, we have pointed to consequences related to background matching and stress that amphibians experienced during chromatic adaptations. Background color change causes a complex physiological response affecting the antioxidative defense parameters. This investigation elucidates the accompanying cost of amphibiansʼ adjustment to an altered environment.

中文翻译：

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着色带来了什么：无尾目动物对氧化应激的背景适应的影响

城市发展导致栖息地遭到破坏，影响到两栖动物种群，这是最脆弱的脊椎动物群。随着环境的变化，这些动物变得更容易暴露在光线和捕食者面前。为了增加生存机会，它们表现出身体颜色的可塑性。除了适应性好处外，表现出背景匹配的动物还满足了能量成本和改变身体色调的限制。为了研究 Hyla arborea 蝌蚪适应背景颜色的生理后果，我们在恒定背景（黑/白）下饲养幼虫后和改变背景颜色后跟踪了氧化应激参数。在恒定底物颜色下培养 20 天的幼虫表现出体色差异，但深色个体和苍白个体之间的脂质过氧化 (LPO) 浓度没有差异，这表明在此期间的着色投资不会对深色蝌蚪造成更高的氧化损伤。与长期在白色环境中饲养的动物相比，幼虫长时间暴露在黑暗栖息地（37 天）会增加抗氧化系统防御能力和 LPO 浓度。氧化损伤与个体颜色强度的正相关表明，对黑色素沉着所需的色素细胞数量进行更多投资会产生生理后果。在面临不匹配背景和身体颜色变化的个体中，相对于在白色栖息地培养的个体，防御系统下降并且发生 LPO。在这里，我们指出了两栖动物在色彩适应过程中经历的与背景匹配和压力相关的后果。背景颜色变化引起复杂的生理反应，影响抗氧化防御参数。这项调查阐明了两栖动物适应改变环境的伴随成本。