Purpose

In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, public health is associated with the acceptance of vaccination unless it reaches herd immunity level, which is 67%. Nevertheless, citizens have shown hesitancy toward acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination globally. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors which influence citizen’s intention to get COVID-19 vaccination with two well-known theories, namely, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior. Aside of direct relationship, the moderating effect of perceived awareness is also tested between attitude and citizens’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccine.

Design/methodology/approach

The research framework is statistically tested with data set of 215 responses. Data were collected from Pakistani citizens residing in Islamabad, Lahore, Narowal and Burban. For data collection, convenience sampling approach is used. The positivism research paradigm is adopted to design the research framework. Data were estimated with structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

Results of the statistical analysis unveiled that collectively perceived severity, vulnerability, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have explained substantial variance R² 52.9% in measuring citizens’ attitude toward acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Likewise, attitude and awareness have explained substantial variance R² 54.6% in measuring citizens’ intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, results have shown substantial Stone–Geisser Q² value to predict citizens’ attitude and intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine.

Practical implications

In term of theoretical contributions, this study has combined two well-known theories, namely, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior, to investigate citizens’ attitude and intention to get COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, practically this study directs that government officials and health-care practitioners should create awareness among citizens about pandemic by highlighting severity and vulnerability of the COVID-19 virus toward health which, in turn, motivate citizens to get COVID-19 vaccine on time.

Social implications

The ongoing health crisis could be reduced if citizens achieve herd immunity against COVID-19 virus, resulting in long-term welfare of the society. This research has significant social impact on citizen’s lives, as it revealed that citizens could be motivated to get COVID-19 vaccination if they get adequate awareness about pandemic, enhance behavioral control and understand severity and vulnerability of the COVID-19 virus.

Originality/value

The current research is valuable, as it unveils factors which encourage citizens to get COVID-19 vaccine. In terms of originality, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first that integrates protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior toward citizens’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccine during pandemic.

中文翻译：

---

是什么促使公民接种 COVID-19 疫苗？保护动机理论与计划行为理论的整合

目的

在 COVID-19 大流行之后，除非达到 67% 的群体免疫水平，否则公共卫生与疫苗接种的接受度有关。尽管如此，公民对在全球范围内接受 COVID-19 疫苗接种表现出犹豫。因此，本研究旨在利用保护动机理论和计划行为理论这两个著名理论，探讨影响公民接种 COVID-19 疫苗意愿的因素。除了直接关系之外，还检验了感知意识在态度与公民接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿之间的调节作用。

设计/方法/途径

该研究框架使用包含 215 个响应的数据集进行了统计测试。数据收集自居住在伊斯兰堡、拉合尔、纳罗瓦尔和布尔班的巴基斯坦公民。对于数据收集，使用便利抽样方法。采用实证主义研究范式设计研究框架。用结构方程建模方法估计数据。

发现

统计分析的结果表明，集体感知的严重性、脆弱性、主观规范和感知的行为控制已经解释了测量公民对接受 COVID-19 疫苗接种的态度的显着差异R ^{2 52.9%。}同样，态度和意识在衡量公民接受 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿时解释了显着差异R ^{2 54.6%。}此外，结果显示 Stone–Geisser Q ²值可预测公民接受 COVID-19 疫苗的态度和意愿。

实际影响

在理论贡献方面，本研究结合了两个著名的理论，即保护动机理论和计划行为理论，调查公民对接种 COVID-19 疫苗的态度和意愿。因此，实际上，这项研究指示政府官员和医疗保健从业者应通过强调 COVID-19 病毒对健康的严重性和脆弱性来提高公民对大流行的认识，这反过来又会促使公民按时接种 COVID-19 疫苗。

社会影响

如果公民实现对 COVID-19 病毒的群体免疫，则可以减少持续的健康危机，从而为社会带来长期福利。这项研究对公民的生活产生了重大的社会影响，因为它表明，如果公民对大流行病有足够的认识、加强行为控制并了解 COVID-19 病毒的严重性和脆弱性，他们可能会更有动力接种 COVID-19 疫苗。

原创性/价值

当前的研究很有价值，因为它揭示了鼓励公民接种 COVID-19 疫苗的因素。就原创性而言，据作者所知，本研究首次将保护动机理论和计划行为理论整合到公民在大流行期间接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿中。