Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is a key objective of the European Forest Strategy. One of the most important aspects to be considered to achieve this fundamental goal is the implementation of Sustainable Forest Operations (SFOs). This study aims to investigate how and to what extent forest logging and silvicultural treatments affect soil physicochemical properties in the context of Mediterranean forestry by summarizing the results of 55 field studies, performed within the development of Master’s and PhD theses, carried out in Italy over the last 15 years. In order to define reliable and scalable conclusions, and going beyond the typical case-study approach, we applied a data synthesis under the meta-analytic framework summarizing the results of the studies analyzed. The results show that disturbance triggered by the silvicultural treatments (meant as an alteration of canopy cover as a consequence of the removal of some trees) is much lower than that caused by forest logging, in particular passage of forest vehicles and woody loads. Furthermore, as expected, a clear relationship was observed between the impacts on soil physicochemical properties and biological impacts. Based on our results we recommend that ground-based extraction on slopes steeper than 20 per cent should be limited, extending the applications of skyline systems or winch-assisted extraction. Interestingly, different conditions of terrain roughness showed variable effects on the magnitude of impacts, suggesting the need for future dedicated studies on this topic. The application of machineries specifically developed for the forestry sector showed better performance than lower levels of mechanizations, confirming what was reported in previous literature on the topic. However, the major finding from this study clearly shows that the way in which extraction is carried out is the major factor causing soil disturbance.

中文翻译：

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地中海阔叶林森林采伐后对土壤的短期物理化学和生物学影响：15 年的实地研究，通过元分析框架下的数据综合总结

可持续森林管理 (SFM) 是欧洲森林战略的一个关键目标。要实现这一基本目标，需要考虑的最重要方面之一是可持续森林运营 (SFO) 的实施。本研究旨在通过总结 55 项实地研究的结果，调查在地中海林业背景下森林采伐和造林处理如何以及在多大程度上影响土壤理化特性，这些研究是在硕士和博士论文的发展过程中进行的，这些研究是在意大利进行的过去 15 年。为了定义可靠和可扩展的结论，并超越典型的案例研究方法，我们在元分析框架下应用了数据综合，总结了所分析的研究结果。结果表明，由造林处理引发的干扰（意味着由于移除一些树木而改变了树冠覆盖）远低于森林采伐引起的干扰，特别是森林车辆和木质负载的通过。此外，正如预期的那样，在对土壤理化性质的影响与生物影响之间观察到明确的关系。根据我们的结果，我们建议限制在陡度超过 20% 的斜坡上进行基于地面的提取，从而扩展 skyline 系统或绞车辅助提取的应用。有趣的是，不同的地形粗糙度条件对影响程度表现出不同的影响，表明未来需要对此主题进行专门研究。专门为林业部门开发的机械的应用显示出比较低水平的机械化更好的性能，证实了以前关于该主题的文献中的报道。然而，这项研究的主要发现清楚地表明，进行提取的方式是造成土壤扰动的主要因素。