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The Ulster Women's Declaration and the Passion of Women in the Campaign against Home Rule, c.1886–1912*
Parliamentary History Pub Date : 2023-01-31 , DOI: 10.1111/1750-0206.12674
Ciara Stewart

On Ulster Day, 28 September 1912, Unionist leaders orchestrated the mass signing of the Ulster Covenant and the Women's Declaration against Irish home rule. These were highly emotive documents and the ‘passion’ expressed by women contrasted with the men, as the Covenant implied a pact with God while the Women's Declaration promised to support their male counterparts. The Declaration, with 234,046 signatures, was one of the largest petitions ever organised by Irish (and British women) in this period and expressed the desire of many Ulsterwomen to defend their identities as Unionists and Protestants. This article breaks new ground by examining the Declaration as a form of petitioning culture. It will analyse Unionist women's petitioning through the lens of ‘passion’ and argue that petitioning offered women a way to express their feelings on this important issue. This will be done by analysing the Declaration and the Unionist women's earlier petitioning campaigns to reveal what motivated Unionist women to protest and their political practice. Another perspective is provided by the contemporary criticisms of the Declaration made by suffrage activists. This shows that while ‘passion’ could mobilise women, it could also cause friction. This article will also consider the gendered coverage of Ulsterwomen's political participation by the press. Overall, this article reappraises the political activism of Ulsterwomen from the perspective of petitioning and the power of ideological passion in politics.

中文翻译:

阿尔斯特妇女宣言和妇女在反对自治运动中的热情,c.1886–1912*

在 1912 年 9 月 28 日的阿尔斯特日,工会领导人精心策划了阿尔斯特盟约和反对爱尔兰自治的妇女宣言的大规模签署。这些都是非常情绪化的文件,女性表达的“热情”与男性形成鲜明对比,因为盟约暗示了与上帝的契约,而女性宣言则承诺支持她们的男性同行。该宣言有 234,046 个签名,是这一时期爱尔兰(和英国妇女)组织的最大请愿之一,表达了许多阿尔斯特妇女捍卫自己作为工会主义者和新教徒身份的愿望。本文开辟了新天地,将《宣言》视为一种请愿文化。它将分析工会妇女的 她通过“激情”的视角上访,并认为上访为女性提供了一种表达她们对这个重要问题的感受的方式。这将通过分析宣言和工会妇女早期的请愿运动来揭示工会妇女抗议的动机和她们的政治实践来完成。当代选举权活动家对《宣言》的批评提供了另一种观点。这表明,虽然“激情”可以调动女性,但也可能造成摩擦。本文还将考虑媒体对 Ulsterwomen 政治参与的性别报道。总体而言,本文从上访和政治意识形态激情的力量角度重新评价了阿尔斯特妇女的政治激进主义。这将通过分析宣言和工会妇女早期的请愿运动来揭示工会妇女抗议的动机和她们的政治实践来完成。当代选举权活动家对《宣言》的批评提供了另一种观点。这表明,虽然“激情”可以调动女性,但也可能造成摩擦。本文还将考虑媒体对 Ulsterwomen 政治参与的性别报道。总体而言,本文从上访和政治意识形态激情的力量角度重新评价了阿尔斯特妇女的政治激进主义。这将通过分析宣言和工会妇女早期的请愿运动来揭示工会妇女抗议的动机和她们的政治实践来完成。当代选举权活动家对《宣言》的批评提供了另一种观点。这表明,虽然“激情”可以调动女性,但也可能造成摩擦。本文还将考虑媒体对 Ulsterwomen 政治参与的性别报道。总体而言,本文从上访和政治意识形态激情的力量角度重新评价了阿尔斯特妇女的政治激进主义。当代选举权活动家对《宣言》的批评提供了另一种观点。这表明,虽然“激情”可以调动女性,但也可能造成摩擦。本文还将考虑媒体对 Ulsterwomen 政治参与的性别报道。总体而言,本文从上访和政治意识形态激情的力量角度重新评价了阿尔斯特妇女的政治激进主义。当代选举权活动家对《宣言》的批评提供了另一种观点。这表明,虽然“激情”可以调动女性,但也可能造成摩擦。本文还将考虑媒体对 Ulsterwomen 政治参与的性别报道。总体而言,本文从上访和政治意识形态激情的力量角度重新评价了阿尔斯特妇女的政治激进主义。
更新日期:2023-02-03
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