The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread impacts on the labour market and on individuals' well-being. This paper examines gender differences in the relationship between labour market outcomes and well-being over the pandemic. We draw on longitudinal data from the ANUpoll survey that has been conducted before COVID-19 and at several points throughout the pandemic. We find higher levels of well-being among those who are employed relative to most other labour market outcomes, controlling for individual random effects. These gaps in well-being are greatly reduced or disappear after controlling for financial circumstances and health. We also observe gender differences in the relationship between well-being and labour market outcomes, in particular: (i) life satisfaction is more closely related to labour market outcomes for females relative to males, and (ii) there is a stronger association between being unemployed and not actively looking and serious mental distress for males relative to females. Well-being tends to be lower during lockdowns and during the Omicron wave in January 2022, particularly among females. Our findings have implications for ongoing and future pandemic policies. Where restrictions that reduce employment are necessary, we show that during a pandemic financial support has the potential to reduce or in some cases potentially close the gap in well-being between those who are employed and those in other employment activities.

中文翻译：

---

劳动力市场结果与幸福感之间关系的性别差异*

COVID-19 大流行对劳动力市场和个人福祉产生了广泛影响。本文研究了劳动力市场结果与大流行病福祉之间关系中的性别差异。我们利用了 ANUPoll 调查的纵向数据，该调查是在 COVID-19 之前以及在整个大流行期间的几个时间点进行的。我们发现，相对于大多数其他劳动力市场结果，受雇者的幸福感水平更高，控制了个体随机效应。在控制了财务状况和健康状况后，这些幸福感差距会大大缩小或消失。我们还观察到幸福感与劳动力市场结果之间关系的性别差异，特别是：(i) 与男性相比，女性的生活满意度与劳动力市场结果的关系更为密切，(ii) 与女性相比，男性失业和不积极寻找工作与严重精神痛苦之间的关联更强。在封锁期间和 2022 年 1 月的 Omicron 浪潮期间，幸福感往往较低，尤其是女性。我们的研究结果对当前和未来的流行病政策具有影响。在有必要限制减少就业的情况下，我们表明，在大流行期间，财政支持有可能减少或在某些情况下可能缩小就业人员与从事其他就业活动的人员之间的福祉差距。特别是在女性中。我们的研究结果对当前和未来的流行病政策具有影响。在有必要限制减少就业的情况下，我们表明，在大流行期间，财政支持有可能减少或在某些情况下可能缩小就业人员与从事其他就业活动的人员之间的福祉差距。特别是在女性中。我们的研究结果对当前和未来的流行病政策具有影响。在有必要限制减少就业的情况下，我们表明，在大流行期间，财政支持有可能减少或在某些情况下可能缩小就业人员与从事其他就业活动的人员之间的福祉差距。