Both Arabic modernists and Western humanists often regard the Muslim philosopher Averroes as one of the earliest precursors of Kant and the European Enlightenment. In contrast to this reputation, this paper argues that it was Kant’s critics Herder and Tiedemann who rediscovered Averroes. Tiedemann was the first German historiographer to give an accurate account of Averroes’ thought. This was accompanied by a re-evaluation of Averroes by Herder in his Letters for the Advancement of Humanity, in which he recognized the similarity between his own concept of the spirit of the age as historical reason – his alternative to the Enlightenment concept of a universal and ahistorical reason – and Averroes’ concept of a single material intellect for all individual human minds. Finally, the paper outlines the possible connections between Averroes’ interpretation of Aristotle’s intellect and Hegel’s concept of reason in history.

中文翻译：

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启蒙之后：蒂德曼和赫尔德对阿威罗埃的重新发现

阿拉伯现代主义者和西方人文主义者都经常将穆斯林哲学家阿威罗伊视为康德和欧洲启蒙运动的最早先驱之一。与这种声誉相反，本文认为是康德的批评者赫尔德和蒂德曼重新发现了阿威罗伊。蒂德曼是第一位准确描述阿威罗伊思想的德国史学家。伴随着赫尔德在他的著作中对阿威罗伊的重新评价促进人类进步的信件，其中他认识到他自己的时代精神作为历史理性的概念——他对普遍和非历史理性的启蒙概念的替代——与阿威罗伊的所有个体人类思想的单一物质智力的概念之间的相似性。最后，本文概述了阿威罗伊对亚里士多德理智的解释与黑格尔的历史理性概念之间可能存在的联系。