Metal oxide nanoparticles have attained notable recognition due to their interesting physicochemical properties. Although these nanoparticles can be synthesized using a variety of approaches, the biological method involving plant extracts is preferred since it provides a simple, uncomplicated, ecologically friendly, efficient, rapid, and economical way for synthesis. In this study, the Azadirachta indica leaf extract was used as a reducing agent, and a green process was used to synthesize tin(ferrous: nickel)dioxide (Sn(Fe : Ni)O₂) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to characterization by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Furthermore, Sn(Fe : Ni)O₂ nanoparticles were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. XRD patterns revealed that Sn(Fe : Ni)O₂ nanoparticles exhibited a tetragonal structure. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles was 143 nm, as confirmed by the DLS spectrum. The FESEM image showed the spherical form of the synthesized nanoparticles. Chemical composites and mapping analyses were performed through the EDAX spectrum. The Sn–O–Sn and Sn–O stretching bands were 615 cm⁻¹ and 550 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectrum, respectively. Various surface defects of the synthesized Sn(Fe : Ni)O₂ nanoparticles were identified by photoluminescence spectra. Compared to traditional antibiotics like amoxicillin, the inhibition zone revealed that Sn(Fe : Ni)O₂ nanoparticles displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against all tested organisms, indicating the valuable potential of nanoparticles in the healthcare industry.

中文翻译：

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评估用印楝叶提取物合成的绿色 Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 纳米粒子的结构、光学和抗菌性能

金属氧化物纳米颗粒由于其有趣的物理化学性质而获得了显着的认可。虽然这些纳米粒子可以使用多种方法合成，但植物提取物的生物方法是首选，因为它提供了一种简单、不复杂、生态友好、高效、快速和经济的合成方法。本研究以印楝叶提取物为还原剂，采用绿色工艺合成二氧化锡（亚铁：镍）（Sn（Fe：Ni）O ₂）纳米粒子。通过使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 光谱分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、傅立叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱、动态光散射 ( DLS）和光致发光（PL）测量。此外，分析了 Sn(Fe:Ni)O ₂纳米颗粒对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性生物体的抗菌活性，包括金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌菌株。XRD 图谱显示 Sn(Fe : Ni)O ₂纳米颗粒呈四方结构。如 DLS 光谱所证实的，纳米粒子的流体动力学直径为 143 nm。FESEM 图像显示合成纳米粒子的球形。通过 EDAX 光谱进行化学合成和映射分析。在 FTIR 光谱中，Sn-O-Sn 和 Sn-O 伸缩带分别为 615 cm ^-1和 550 cm ^{-1 。}通过光致发光光谱鉴定合成的 Sn(Fe:Ni)O _{2纳米粒子的各种表面缺陷。}与阿莫西林等传统抗生素相比，抑菌圈显示 Sn(Fe : Ni)O ₂纳米粒子对所有测试的生物体都表现出显着的抗菌活性，表明纳米粒子在医疗保健行业的宝贵潜力。