With the exponential growth of communication and information technologies, adaptation has gained a significant attention as it becomes a key feature of service-based systems, allowing them to operate and evolve in highly dynamic and uncertain environments. Although several Web service standards and frameworks have been proposed and extended, existing solutions do not provide a suitable architecture, in which all aspects of monitoring and adaptation (e.g., proactive, cross-layer, and autonomic adaptation) can be expressed. In addition, the emergence of new computing environments to host and execute various types of services (Web/cloud services, big data-intensive services, mobile services, microservices, etc.) raises the need for more efficient monitoring and adaptation systems. This survey aims to bring a synthesis and a road-map to the adaptation of service-based systems. We also discuss adaptation solutions in emerging service models, such as cloud services and big services. Based on an adaptation taxonomy which we extracted from the surveyed approaches, and by identifying the main requirements and goals of service adaptation in Web, cloud and big data environments, detailed analysis and discussions, as well as the open issues, are provided.

随着通信和信息技术的指数级增长，适应性已成为基于服务的系统的关键特征，使它们能够在高度动态和不确定的环境中运行和发展，因此受到了极大的关注。尽管已经提出并扩展了多种 Web 服务标准和框架，但现有的解决方案并未提供合适的体系结构，其中可以表达监视和适应（例如，主动、跨层和自主适应）的所有方面。此外，托管和执行各种类型服务（Web/云服务、大数据密集型服务、移动服务、微服务等）的新计算环境的出现提出了对更高效的监控和适应系统的需求。该调查旨在为基于服务的系统的调整提供综合和路线图。我们还讨论了新兴服务模型中的适配解决方案，例如云服务和大服务。基于我们从调查方法中提取的适应分类法，并通过确定 Web、云和大数据环境中服务适应的主要要求和目标，提供了详细的分析和讨论，以及未解决的问题。