Digitalization of the global economy is occurring apace and has spurred a new wave of trade negotiations, as governments and technology firms vie to establish international rules and standards for the digital era. This article examines the ways that trade policy-makers are responding to artificial intelligence (AI), arguably the most disruptive of the new digital technologies. In a digitalized global economy, trade rules have implications for AI innovation, uptake, and governance, yet existing trade rules have significant shortcomings and need updating in order to assist with effective AI governance. Updating is happening but, so far, the changes focus on promoting AI and disproportionately reflect the interests of large technology firms, the major innovators and owners of AI. New digital trade rules include stringent intellectual property protections for source code and algorithms, and strong commitments to enable the free flow of data across borders. However, much less progress has been made in addressing cross-border risks and harms associated with AI, in areas such as competition policy; ethical, transparent, and accountable use of AI; personal data protection; and protections against the exploitative use of algorithms in consumer and labour markets.

中文翻译：

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数字颠覆：人工智能与国际贸易政策

随着各国政府和科技公司竞相为数字时代制定国际规则和标准，全球经济的数字化正在迅速发生，并引发了新一轮的贸易谈判。本文探讨了贸易政策制定者应对人工智能 (AI) 的方式，人工智能可以说是最具破坏性的新数字技术。在数字化的全球经济中，贸易规则对 AI 创新、采用和治理具有影响，但现有贸易规则存在重大缺陷，需要更新以协助有效的 AI 治理。更新正在发生，但到目前为止，这些变化侧重于促进人工智能，并且不成比例地反映了大型科技公司、人工智能的主要创新者和所有者的利益。新的数字贸易规则包括对源代码和算法的严格知识产权保护，以及支持数据跨境自由流动的坚定承诺。然而，在解决与人工智能相关的跨境风险和危害方面，在竞争政策等领域取得的进展要少得多；以合乎道德、透明和负责任的方式使用人工智能；个人资料保护；防止在消费者和劳动力市场上剥削使用算法。