Deportation is the expulsion of a non-citizen from the territory of a state by force or coercion. Largely because it is perceived to be a necessary extension of the state’s immigration power, deportation carries the same prerogative force, benefits from the same sweeping ambit of executive discretion and is subject to the same diminished scrutiny. Deportation is, however, a distinct legal phenomenon. Present on state territory, deportees are simultaneously subject to the state’s laws by virtue of their territorial presence and excluded from the state’s liberal democratic values of legality and fundamental rights by virtue of their status. Deportation practices create spaces inside the state where these values do not reach. As a ‘spectacular state power’ that acts inside the state, deportation bears a higher justificatory burden. The failure of states to adequately discharge this justificatory burden interrupts the integrity of legality on the inside and erodes their liberal democratic character.

中文翻译：

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从内到外：驱逐出境的强制力和自由民主国家的侵蚀

驱逐出境是通过武力或胁迫将非公民驱逐出国境。很大程度上是因为它被认为是国家移民权力的必要扩展，驱逐出境具有同样的特权，受益于同样广泛的行政自由裁量权范围，并受到同样减少的审查。然而，驱逐出境是一种独特的法律现象。在国家领土上，被驱逐者同时由于其在领土上的存在而受到国家法律的约束，并由于其地位而被排除在国家的合法性和基本权利的自由民主价值观之外。驱逐出境的做法在该州内部创造了这些价值无法达到的空间。作为一种在国家内部活动的“壮观的国家权力”，驱逐出境承担着更高的正当性负担。