Structural racism encompasses the effects of racial bias across all systems of society. A growing body of data indicates that structural racism contributes to racial inequities in health across the lifespan. Investigators have documented associations of different dimensions of structural racism, including cultural and institutional discrimination, to health. To clarify and integrate the scope of these data, we examine a broad array of manifestations of both cultural and institutional racism and review their associations to specific health effects outcomes. We examine effects on COVID-19 prevalence and mortality, but also investigate data on birth outcomes and premature mortality to gain insight into health effects at each end of the lifespan. Given the pervasive and well-documented history of racism facing Black Americans, we focus this review on the effects of structural racism on the health of Black populations in the United States.

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COVID-19 时代的结构性种族主义与健康：具有政策影响的选择性审查

结构性种族主义包括种族偏见对所有社会制度的影响。越来越多的数据表明，结构性种族主义会导致整个生命周期中健康方面的种族不平等。调查人员记录了结构性种族主义不同方面的关联，包括文化和制度歧视，健康。为了澄清和整合这些数据的范围，我们检查了文化和制度种族主义的广泛表现，并审查了它们与特定健康影响结果的关联。我们检查了对 COVID-19 患病率和死亡率的影响，还调查了有关出生结果和过早死亡率的数据，以深入了解生命末期对健康的影响。鉴于美国黑人所面临的种族主义普遍存在且有据可查的历史，我们将这篇评论的重点放在结构性种族主义对美国黑人人口健康的影响上。