ABSTRACT

The field of cognitive training (CT) has been researched for over a century. However, there is still a debate regarding its ability to produce cognitive improvement, especially in working memory (WM) indices. This meta-analysis examined whether there is an advantage in training gains by comparing the results of two specific WM training approaches, Core Training (CRT) and Strategy Training (ST). Meta-analytic techniques were used to summarize 28 independent effect sizes from 24 studies with 1521 subjects, calculated only from studies that compared both training approaches in a single study. We found moderate effect sizes of trained tasks improvement with a clear advantage to ST over CRT, from which younger trainees benefitted the most. However, this advantage has almost disappeared for untrained tasks due to the limited improvement each approach produced on its own.

摘要

认知训练（CT）领域的研究已经有一个多世纪了。然而，关于其产生认知改善的能力仍然存在争议，特别是在工作记忆（WM）指数方面。这项荟萃分析通过比较两种特定的 WM 训练方法（核心训练 (CRT) 和策略训练 (ST)）的结果来检验训练增益是否具有优势。使用荟萃分析技术总结了 24 项研究（涉及 1521 名受试者）的 28 种独立效应大小，这些效应大小仅根据在一项研究中比较两种训练方法的研究计算得出。我们发现，训练任务改善的效果中等，ST 明显优于 CRT，年轻的受训者从中受益最多。然而，