OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests that a brief duty-of-care telephone call to high expenditure customers was associated with lower gambling over the subsequent year. The current aim was to assess effects on individual trajectories rather than overall group effects reported previously. The objective was to identify different patterns of individual change over the follow-up year and explore differential responses of subgroups of individuals. METHOD A matched pair design contrasting the outcome for telephone intervention with a no-intervention control condition. Five hundred and ninety-six statistical pairs randomly drawn from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure at Norsk Tipping, Norway. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping gambling data warehouse. Player trajectories across time were identified using growth mixture modeling to assess differential intervention effects on homogenous subgroups of individuals. RESULTS Relatively low, medium, and high TL subgroups were identified. The telephone intervention was associated with greater reductions than the control condition for all three subgroups but showed the strongest effect for the subgroup with the highest TL. The intervention was most effective for casino and sport gamblers, male, young, and middle-aged. CONCLUSIONS A brief duty of care telephone contact with high expenditure customers showed sustained effects over 12 months, in particular for individuals showing the highest level of TL. Examining trajectories using advanced statistical models identified customer characteristics most strongly associated with reduced TL. These findings can guide prevention strategies with evidence-based knowledge about differential effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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向大失败者伸出援手：通过个性化随访探索干预效果。

目标 先前的研究表明，向高消费客户拨打简短的注意义务电话与随后一年的赌博率降低有关。当前的目标是评估对个人轨迹的影响，而不是之前报告的整体群体影响。目的是确定后续一年中个体变化的不同模式，并探索个体亚组的差异反应。方法 采用配对设计，将电话干预的结果与无干预控制条件进行对比。根据挪威 Norsk Tipping 的年度支出，从前 0.5% 的客户中随机抽取 596 个统计对。主要结果指标是赌博理论损失 (TL)，源自 Norsk Tipping 赌博数据仓库。使用增长混合模型来确定玩家随时间的轨迹，以评估对同质个体亚组的差异干预效果。结果 确定了相对低、中和高 TL 亚组。对于所有三个亚组来说，电话干预均比对照条件下的减少幅度更大，但对 TL 最高的亚组显示出最强的效果。这种干预措施对赌场和体育赌徒、男性、年轻人和中年人最有效。结论 与高消费客户进行简短的注意义务电话联系显示出 12 个月内的持续影响，特别是对于表现出最高 TL 水平的个人。使用先进的统计模型检查轨迹，发现与减少 TL 密切相关的客户特征。这些发现可以通过关于差异效应的循证知识来指导预防策略。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。