Cement is an essential construction ingredient, and the demand for it has increased multifold during the last couple of years due to various construction activities. For the manufacturing of cement, limestone is a key component, which is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission. Moreover, municipalities all over the world have long been concerned about the disposal of sewage sludge. Due to increased generation of sewage sludge, urgent alternative solutions are required for sludge disposal, one of which is recycling of waste into construction materials. In accordance with the concept of sustainability, low carbon dioxide cement is produced in the current study by blending sewage sludge ash (SSA) and carbide lime sludge (CLS) (industrial waste) with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In terms of physical properties, the influence of low carbon dioxide cement containing different percentages of SSA with 10% CLS is compared with that of composite cement containing fly ash at different percentages with 10% CLS. The outcome from the study shows that the utilization of OPC blended with up to 45% SSA with CLS would be possible, as it results in an acceptable level of compressive strength, conservation of depleting limestone reserves, savings in thermal and electrical energy and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

中文翻译：

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以污泥灰为矿物掺合料的低碳水泥的生产

水泥是一种重要的建筑材料，由于各种建筑活动，过去几年对水泥的需求增加了数倍。对于水泥制造来说，石灰石是关键成分，也是二氧化碳(CO ₂ )排放的主要来源。此外，世界各地的城市长期以来一直关注污水污泥的处置。由于污水污泥产生量的增加，迫切需要污泥处理的替代解决方案，其中之一是将废物回收利用成建筑材料。本研究按照可持续发展的理念，将污水污泥灰分（SSA）和电石石灰污泥（CLS）（工业废物）与普通波特兰水泥（OPC）混合生产低二氧化碳水泥。在物理性能方面，比较了含不同比例SSA和10%CLS的低碳水泥与含不同比例粉煤灰和10%CLS的复合水泥的影响。研究结果表明，将 OPC 与高达 45% SSA 和 CLS 混合使用是可能的，因为它可以达到可接受的抗压强度水平，保护耗尽的石灰石储量，节省热能和电能，并减少二氧化碳排放量。